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• 1867.23  + (<p>Custis Lee, General Lee's son, had served on Lee's staff during the war. General Smith was superintendent at VMI. The flags referred to were probably foul-line flags used to mark the foul lines on fields not enclosed.</p>)
• 1840s.45  + (<p>Cutting is listed as a member of the Class of 1871, and thus probably had little direct knowledge of early campus sports.  His impressions to round ball and perhaps wicket may have been relayed informally from older persons on campus.</p>)
• 1862.50  + (<p>D. P. Hopkins and Benjamin Frankl … <p>D. P. Hopkins and Benjamin Franklin Ezell (1839 MS - 1913 TX) were members of Norris' Frontier Battalion which in March 1862 was stationed at/near Kerrville, TX. The Hopkins diary was published in the San Antonio Express, 1-13-1918. The March 15, 1862 entry (on page 23 of the Express) mentions this game, and mentions that the troops made their own ball out of yarn socks. [ba]</p> made their own ball out of yarn socks. [ba]</p>)
• 1855c.10  + (<p>Damon added: "[[Aipuni]], the Hawaiians called it, or rounders, perhaps because the bat had a larger rounder end.t was a a forerunner of baseball, but the broad, heavy bat was held close to thee ground."</p>)
• 1820s.22  + (<p>Danforth, born in 1822, became a judge. Williamstown MA is in the NW corner of the commonwealth, and lies about 35 miles E of Albany NY.</p>)
• 1858.59  + (<p>Dansville NY (2010 population about 4700) is about 40 miles S of Rochester in western NY. Per the Dansville Historical Society, the facility in question was a water cure (hydropathy) center called <span>Our Home on the Hillside.</span></p>)
• In Peekskill in 1845  + (<p>Date is approximate.</p>)
• 1799.1  + (<p>David Block (BBWKI, page 183; see … <p>David Block (BBWKI, page 183; see also his 19CBB advice, below) notes that Cooke was in correspondence with her cousin Jane Austen in 1798, when both were evidently writing novels containing references to base-ball. Also submitted to Protoball 8/19/06 by Ian Maun.</p></br><p>Cooke, like Austen, did seem to believe that readers in the early 1800s might be familiar with base- ball.</p>rs in the early 1800s might be familiar with base- ball.</p>)
• BC2400c.1  + (<p>David Block [<span>Baseball Before We Knew It</span>, page 303 (note 1)] writes that Piccione’s identification of <em>seker-hemat </em>with baseball is “apparently speculative in nature.”</p>)
• 1847.11  + (<p>David Block explains, 2/27/2008: … <p>David Block explains, 2/27/2008: "Clearly, the writer had curling confused with ice hockey, which was itself an embryonic sport that the time." Or maybe he confused it with ice-hurling, which actually employs a ball. </p></br><p>From Richard Hershberger, 12/8/09: "What makes this so interesting is that the response speaks of "bass ball" played on ice. This is a decade before such games were commonly reported, suggesting that the [later] practice by organized clubs was borrowed from older, informal play on ice."</p>ubs was borrowed from older, informal play on ice."</p>)
• Pize Ball  + (<p>David Block in Pastime Lost posit … <p>David Block in Pastime Lost posits that "pize-ball" and "tut-ball" were regional names for English baseball. I would toss in that "pize-ball" may well be a rounded-down form of dialectical "pizin-ball" i.e. poison-ball, which calls to mind the French <em>la balle empoisonnee</em> or Poison Ball: a very similar game where, again, the ball was swatted with the hand. --W C Hicklin</p></br><p>From Gomme, p. 45:</p></br><p>"Pize Ball</p></br><p>Sides are picked ; as, for example, six on one side and six on the other, and three or four marks or tuts are fixed in a field. Six go out to field, as in cricket, and one of these</p></br><p>throws the ball to one of those who remain "at home," and the one "at home" strikes or pizes it with his hand. After pizing it he runs to one of the " tuts," but if before he can get to the " tut " he is struck with the ball by one of those in the field, he is said to be bumt^ or out. In that case the other side go out to field — ^Addy*s Sheffield Glossary. See " Rounders."</p> that case the other side go out to field — ^Addy*s Sheffield Glossary. See " Rounders."</p>)
• 1844.14  + (<p>David Block observes: "<span s … <p>David Block observes: "<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">the sentence describing the boy's skill at taking evasive action when threatened by soaking seems significant to me. I don't recall ever seeing this skill discussed before, and, although long obsolete, it must have stood as one of the more valuable tools of the base runner in the era of soaking/plugging ." </span> </p>era of soaking/plugging ." </span> </p>)
• 1856.13  + (<p>David Block reports that these rules are generic, not restricted to one club. </p> <p>This may be the first publication specifically devoted to base ball.</p>)
• 1830s.13  + (<p>David Block's forthcoming 2019 book may address the rules of English Base-Ball in this period.</p>)
• 1830c.39  + (<p>David Block, 5/3/2021, on the ide … <p>David Block, 5/3/2021, on the idea that ballplaying clubs were though to be extinct in 1837:  "Not quite extinct."</p></br><p>Tom Gilbert, 5/4/2021: "We knew -- largely indirectly -- that there were adult bb clubs and a thriving bb scene in NYC in the 1830s and probably earlier, but it is great to see confirmation, and by a contemporary source. This also underlines the importance of Stevens's Elysian Fields in helping to preserve the incipient sport from being snuffed out by rapid urban development, in a sort of incubator.</p></br><div>(And the connection between the gymnastics movement and the baseball movement is closer than might appear. We can identify Knickerbocker bbc club members, Excelsiors and others who exercised at NYC and Brooklyn gyms, including I believe Fuller's)."</div></br><div> </div></br><div>Stephen Katz, (19CBB posting 5/4/2021) points out that ironically, 1837 is also the year claimed for the establishment of the Gothams.  See Wheaton letter at [[1837.1]]</div></br><div> </div></br><div> </div></br><p> </p>37.1]]</div> <div> </div> <div> </div> <p> </p>)
• 1820.1  + (<p>David Block, <span style="text … <p>David Block, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Baseball Before We Knew It</span>, page 188, adds that it is unusual among chapbooks as "more space and detail are devoted to "playing ball" than to cricket, which at the time was a more established game."  </p></br><p>While the text does not explicitly mention or show base-running, David Block thinks of this as an early account of English base ball. </p> this as an early account of English base ball. </p>)
• 1848.1  + (<p>David also feels that a new rule appeared in the 1848 list that a runner cannot score a run on a force out for the third out. David Block posting to 19CBB, 1/5/2006.</p>)
• 1661.1  + (<p>David further asks: "could it be that this is the source of the term putting "English" on a ball?"</p>)
• American Base Ball Club of Brooklyn  + (<p>Days of exercise - Mondays and Thursdays</p> <p>Home Grounds - Harlem Cricket Grounds</p>)
• In Newtonville in 1823  + (<p>Debate as to the location and exact date, with Bangor, ME the alternative. See 1823C.4, 1820S.12</p>)
• Gotham Club of New York  + (<p>Despite the conflicting views as to the pedigree of the team, for the time being all players and games from either the 1837 or 1853 incarnations of the Gothams appear on the page of the 1837 team. http://fast.protoball.org/Gothams_Club_of_New_York</p>)
• Gothams Club of New York  + (<p>Despite the conflicting views as … <p>Despite the conflicting views as to the pedigree of the team, for the time being all players who appeared with either the 1837 or 1853 incarnations of the Gothams, as well as the 1851-1852 Washingtons, appear on this page. </p></br><p>The 19thcbaseball website says this club played two games against the Knickerbockers in 1852. No score is given.</p>inst the Knickerbockers in 1852. No score is given.</p>)
• Athletic Club of Brooklyn  + (<p>Did not play first match until May 25, 1868.</p> <p>Brunson, "Black Baseball" says there was a colored Athletic Club of Brooklyn</p>)
• Keystone Club of Jersey City2  + (<p>Different from other (black) club of that name.</p>)
• Club of St. Louis  + (<p>Do we know how long this club played?</p> <p> </p>)
• California Base Ball Variant  + (<p>Do we know if this variant persisted in California?  What do we know about the Cuban variant, and its fate?</p>)
• Richmond Club of Richmond v Spottswood Base Ball Club of Richmond on 23 November 1866  + (<p>Do we know that this high-scoring game followed Association rules?</p>)
• 1845.33  + (<p>Do we know when this late-season  … <p>Do we know when this late-season  intramural match was played?  (Craig Waff's Games Tab lists Hoboken games on the 7th, 10th, 15th, and 18th of November 1845.  The game on the 10th used eight players on a side and ended in at 32-22 score.  See:</p></br><p>https://protoball.org/Knickerbocker_Base_Ball_Club_of_New_York_v_Knickerbocker_Base_Ball_Club_of_New_York_on_10_November_1845</p>Club_of_New_York_on_10_November_1845</p>)
• 1784.1  + (<p>Does it sound like hand ball ("fives") may be the troublesome type of play?</p>)
• Zephyrs of East Lexington  + (<p>Does this imply that the Mass Game was sometimes played with a square bat?</p>)
• 1781.2  + (<p>Dr. Lewis has written a essay on … <p>Dr. Lewis has written a essay on early ballplaying at Harvard College; see Harry Lewis, "Protoball at Harvard: from Pastime to Contest," <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Base Ball</span> Journal (Special Origins Issue), Volume 5, number 1 (Spring 2011), pages 41-45.</p>s Issue), Volume 5, number 1 (Spring 2011), pages 41-45.</p>)
• 1860.51  + (<p>Dunkirk NY is about 45 miles SW of Buffalo on the shore of Lake Erie. Jamestown NY is about 60 miles S of Buffalo.</p>)
• 1861.34  + (<p>Duplicate of 1861.16?</p>)
• 1862c.54  + (<p>Duplicate of 1862.27</p>)
• 1862.27  + (<p>Duplicate of 1862C.54</p>)
• 1863.95  + (<p>Duplicate of 1863.29</p>)
• 1811.3  + (<p>Dyde's Hotel was "next door to the Park Theatre, facing the Park." W. Harrison Bayles, "Old Taverns of New York" (NYC, 1915), pp. 396-97. The "Park" referred to is presumably City Hall Park.</p>)
• Eutaw Club of Boiling Springs v Eagles Club of Paterson on 10 June 1867  + (<p>Eagle Club won by two runs</p>)
• Omaha Trotting Park  + (<p>Earlier games of the Omaha BBC were played at 9th and Farnam; the Public Square; the corner of 20th and Cummings. See The Omaha <em>Herald</em>, April 25, July 18, Aug. 16, 1867</p>)
• Young Southern Base Ball Club of Nashville v Trix Club of North Nashville on 12 November 1868  + (<p>Earlier in the year, the Trix of North Nashville played the Trix of South Nashville for the right to use that name.</p>)
• 1865.24  + (<p>Earliest comment on need for more than one pitcher on a club. From a 19cbb post by Robert Schaefer, Nov. 9, 2003</p>)
• 1860.85  + (<p>Early slow-ball pitcher Phonney M … <p>Early slow-ball pitcher Phonney Martin claimed in a retrospective letter to have originated "twist" or drop pitching in 1862; this is apparently an exaggeration, but his description of how it was done using the pitching restrictions of the day is <em>apropos:</em></p></br><p>"This was accomplished by the first two fingers and thumb of the hand holding the ball, and by bending the fingers inward and turning the ball around the first two fingers I acquired the twist that made the ball turn towards me...This conformed to the rules, as the arm was straight in delivering the ball, and the hand did not turn outward." (quoted in Peter Morris, <em>A Game of Inches, </em>2010, p.97</p>n Peter Morris, <em>A Game of Inches, </em>2010, p.97</p>)
• Ad Astra Club of Atchison  + (<p>Eberle, "Baseball Takes Root in Kansas" suggests the Ad Astra was the renamed 1867 club.</p>)
• Eckford Club of Brooklyn v Mutual Club of New York on 10 October 1864 1  + (<p>Eckford catcher Waddy Beach listed as committing 14 passed balls.</p>)
• Eckford Club of Brooklyn v Gothams Club of New York on 31 August 1858  + (<p>Eckford pitcher Frances Pidgeon hit two homeruns and Eckford shortstop John Grum hit one.  (E. Miklich)</p>)
• Eckford Club of Brooklyn v Union Club of Morrisania on 30 July 1863  + (<p>Eckford pitcher Joe Sprague struck out nine Union batters. (E. Miklich)</p>)
• Mutual Club of New York v Eckford Club of Brooklyn on 13 August 1863  + (<p>Eckford scored 15 runs in their 6th innings.</p>)
• Stonewall Base Ball Club of Edgefield  + (<p>Edgefield is a neighborhood in the East Nashville area of Nashville, TN.</p>)
• 1860.11  + (<p>Edgefield is a residential area of Nashville on the east side of the Cumberland River. Now an historic neighborhood.</p>)
• 1795.6  + (<p>Editor's footnote #73 (1919?): "' … <p>Editor's footnote #73 (1919?): "'Played at ball.' Sevier and son beat their antagonists four games.  There were not enough (players?) for town-ball, nor for baseball, evolved from town-ball, and not yet evolved.  There were not enough for bullpen.  The game was probably cat-ball."</p></br><p>Revolutionary War veteran John Sevier was nearly 50 years old in August 1795.  He became Tennessee's first governor in the following year.  His son John was 29 in 1795.</p></br><p> </p></br><p> </p></br><p> </p>> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>)