Baseball on Ice

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Curated by Larry McCray and Jeffrey Kittel
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Game	Baseball on Ice
Game Family	Baseball Baseball
Location
Regions	US
Eras	1800s, Derivative
Invented	Yes
Tags
Description	The first known game of base ball played on ice skates occurred on in January 1861 near Rochester NY.  Skating was very popular, and the hybrid game was played into the late 1800s. A few special rules are known, a key one being that runners were not at risk when they overskated a base.  Deliveries were pitches, not throws; a dead ball was used and the bound rule was in effect.  A ten-player team deployed a left shortstop and a right shortstop. -- Richard Hershberger posted the following on Facebook on 2/4/22:  "150 years ago in baseball: baseball on ice. This was a thing. Look at the list of the "Capitoline Ten" and you will see some top ball players. This is not true of the Brooklyn Skating Club's players, raising the question, is baseball or skating skill more important here? Good question. I don't know. I also don't know if there is money involved here, or if everyone is doing this for fun. Adapting sports for ice skates was a thing more broadly. In Britain they sometimes played cricket on ice, which takes real devotion. They also adapted the fine old summer game of hockey to play on ice. This will spread to Canada, where it will be discreetly forgotten that they hadn't come up with the idea themselves. Baseball on ice required some rules adaptations. Ten players is the most obvious, the extra fielder playing at right short. Chadwick had been advocating this for the regular game for years. Spoiler alert: It won't happen. But it was standard for the ice version. Over-skating the bases also was standard, and this variant did influence regular baseball. The rule allowing the batter-runner to overrun first base was borrowed from the ice game. This was a safety measure, advocating by George Wright who had pulled a hammy. But while safety was the motivation, ice baseball provided the solution to the problem. There will be discussions for another twenty years about extending the right to overrun to the other bases, but nothing will come of it. New York Sunday Mercury February 4, 1872:
Sources	Priscilla Astifan, "Baseball in the Nineteenth Century," Rochester History LII (Summer 1990), page 9. Peter Morris, A Game of Inches (Ivan Dee, 2010 Single-volume edition), page 500. Richard Hershberger, FB posting of 2/4/22 [clip below].
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Comment	For some sketchy reports of ice-bound base-running games see Chronology entries 1847.11, 1860.67, and 1861.5.  Additional input is welcome. Edit with form to add a comment
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