Property:Sources

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Showing 500 pages using this property.

A

Aipuni +

Monica Nucciarone, Alexander Cartwright (UNebraska Press, 2009), page 201. The author cites the source as W. R. Castle, Reminiscences of William Richards Castle. (Advertiser Publishing, 1960), page 50. See also Item [[1855c.10]], "New Game" of Wicket Played in HI." +

American Cricket +

Reportedly in the Philadelphia Mercury. An account of the article appeared in the Penny Illustrated Paper (London), December 17, 1870 (page 370). Contributed by Tom Shieber, email of 2/25/2009. This game is cited -- ("this contrived game proved to be acceptable to no one and was quickly forgotten") in Tom Melville, The Tented Field: A History of Cricket in America (Bowling Green State University Press, 1998), page 149. Melville attributes the introduction of the game to game to J. Wood, secretary of the Chicago Cricket Club. Protoball does not have a Philadelphia Mercury source for this report. +

B

Bace +

See Protoball Chronology entries [[1805.4]] and [[1805.5]]. The game was reported in the New York Evening Post of April 13, 1805. +

Ball Stand +

Emily W. Elmore, A Practical Handbook of Games, (Macmillan, NY, 1922), pages 16-17. +

Ball and Bases +

E. Perrin, et. Al., One Hundred and Fifty Gymnastic Games (G. H. Ellis, Boston, 1902), pages 58-59. +

Ball-Paces +

David Block, email of 5/17/2005. +

Ball-Stock +

Dick, ed., The American Boys Book of Sports and Games: A Practical Guide to Indoor and Outdoor Amusements (Dick and Fitzgerald [reprinted by Lyons Press, 2000], 1864)., pages 112-113. Elliott, The Playground and the Parlour (1868), p. 57. +

Balle au Camp +

W. Chapman, Every-Day French Talk (J. B. Bateman, London, 1855), page 20. P. Maigaard, “Battingball Games,” reprinted in Block, Baseball Before We Knew It, Appendix 6. See page 263. +

Balloon +

Paul G. Brewster, "Games and Sports in Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century British Literature," Western Folklore 6, no. 2 (1947)., page 143. Hone, "The Sports and Pastimes of the People of England..." (1831) p. 96 +

Bandy-Wicket +

Alice Bertha Gomme, Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Volume 1 (London: David Nutt, 1894)., page 17. +

Barn Ball (House Ball) +

D. C. Beard, The American Boy’s Book of Sport (Scribner’s Sons, New York, 1896), pages 341-342. See also Altherr, "Barn Ball," Base Ball (Spring 2011). +

Base (Prisoner's Base) +

Thomas Altherr, "Base Is Not Always Baseball: Prisoner's Base From the 13th to the 20th Centuries." Base Ball, Volune 3, number 1 (Spring 2009), pp 67-79. See also 19cBB posting, October 17, 2007; Our Game log, July 16, 2022 +

Base Dodge Ball +

Emily W. Elmore, A Practical Handbook of Games, (Macmillan, NY, 1922), pages 19-20. +

Baseball +

Gomme, Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Volume 1.2, page 146. +

Baste Ball +

See Protoball Chronology entry [[1786.1]]. A second entry, [[1848c.9]], includes baste ball in a list of boyhood games played by future US President Benjamin Harrison. A third entry, [[1874.2]], reports its use as a game played in Chattanooga TN. Email to Protoball from David Block, 2/19/2017. +

Bat-Ball +

See Protoball Chronology entries for 1791. D Wise and S. Forrest, Great Big Book of Children’s Games (McGraw-Hill, 2003), pages 219-220. See http://www.askaboutsports.com/boball.htm +

Batton +

F. Dennis, The Norfolk Village Green (privately printed, 1917), page 72. +

Beep Baseball +

The National Beep Baseball Association: see <a href="http://www.nbba.org/">http://www.nbba.org/</a>, accessed 11/9/2009. For a story about beep-ball at Harvard, see <a href="http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2013/10/the-beep-ball-player/">http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2013/10/the-beep-ball-player/</a> +

Beezy +

Amy Stewart Fraser, Dae Ye Min’ Langsyne? (Routledge, 1975), pages 59-60. +

Bittle-Battle +

On the Domesday Book s-See Protoball Chronology #[[1086.1]] [A.] Gomme, Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Volume 1 (Dover Press, New York, 1964 -- orig. 1898), page 34. [B] Lusted, Andrew, Girls Just Wanted to Have Fun, 2013, page 3, citing Rev'd W. D. Parish, Dictionary of the Sussex Dialect, 1875. [C] Lusted, op. cit., page 28. The source is the Sussex Advertiser, June 21, 1864. [D] David Block, email of 12/6/2021. +

Bo-Ball +

P. Maigaard, “Battingball Games,” reprinted in Block, Baseball Before We Knew It, Appendix 6. See page 274. +

Boston Ball +

E. Perrin, et. Al., One Hundred and Fifty Gymnastic Games (G. H. Ellis, Boston, 1902), pages 59-63. +

Box Baseball +

Simon J. Bronner, "Concrete Folklore: Sidewalk Box Games," Western Folklore 36, no. 2 (1977)., page 172. [B] Communication from Neal Seldman and Mark Schoenberg. +

Brannboll (Brennball) +

<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brannboll">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brannboll</a>. See also <a href="http://www.brennball.de/english/davidcurle.htm">http://www.brennball.de/english/davidcurle.htm</a>. [Accessed 10/09/09.] +

Bull Pen +

Paul G. Brewster, American Nonsinging Games (U Oklahoma Press, Norman OK, 1953), page 82-83. +

Bunt +

C. Bevis, “A Game of Bunt,” in G. Land, Growing Up with Baseball (UNebraska, 2004), pages 128-130. T. Aamodt, “The Impossible Dream,” in G. Land, Growing Up with Baseball (UNebraska, 2004), pages 61-62. +

Bunting +

Gomme, Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Volume 1., page 53. +

Burn Ball +

Marty Appel, Slide Kelly Slide (Scarecrow Press, 1999), page 9. +

C

Call Ball +

William Wells Newell, Games and Songs of American Children (New York: Dover [1963 reprint], 1883)., page 181. +

Cashhornie +

J. Jamieson, Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language (Edinburgh, 1825), page 187. +

Cat (Kat) +

Stewart Culin, "Street Games of Boys in Brooklyn, N.Y.," Journal of American Folklore 4, no. 14 (1891). page 233. +

Cat i’ The Hole +

Brand, Observations on the Popular Antiquities of Great Britain: The Origins of Our Vulgar and Provincial Customs, Ceremonies and Superstitions., page 408. J. Jamieson, Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language (Edinburgh, 1825), page 192. Jamiesson describes the game as being played in County Fife and perhaps elsewhere. Alice Bertha Gomme, The Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland (London, D. Nutt, 1894), pages 63-64. +

Cat-and-Bat +

John Burnett, Riot, Revelry and Rout: Sport in Lowland Scotland before 1860 (East Linton, Scotland: Tuckwell Press, 2000)., page 208. +

Catch a Fly +

John Pastier, email of February 12, 2009. +

Catch-Ball +

Boys’ Own Book: A Complete Encyclopedia of Athletic, Scientific, Outdoor and Indoor Sports (James Miller, Pub’r, New York, 1881), page 14. +

Cerkelspelen (Circle-Game?) +

P. Maigaard, “Battingball Games,” reprinted in Block, Baseball Before We Knew It, Appendix 6. See page 263. +

Chermany +

See also Frederic Gomes Cassidy and Joan Houston Hall, Dictionary of American Regional English (Harvard University Press, 1996), page 604. The dictionary notes usage as “esp. VA” and gives four attested citations from 1889 to 1911, one of them a recollection from 1840, and another a 1911 dictionary associating the game with “the Southern United States.” The Richmond Whig, Aug. 21, 1866 speaks of southerners 20 years prior playing bandy and chermany. The Richmond Dispatch, July 20, 1890 says kids played chermany 40 years ago (i.e., 1850). See also Altherr, "Southern Ball Games--Chermany, Round Cat, Etc." Base Ball (Spring 2011). +

Club-ball +

Joseph Strutt, The Sports and Pastimes of the People of England (1801), pages 104-105. Hone, "The Sports and Pastimes of the People of England..." (1831) p. 105 +

Cluich an Tighe +

A. Morrison, “Uist Games,” The Celtic Review, Volume 4 (1907/1908), pages 361- 363. +

Cora +

G. T. Lowth, The Wanderer in Arabia; or, Western Footsteps in Eastern Tracks (Hurst and Blackett, London, 1855), page 109. +

Corkball +

Special thanks to Jeff Kittel, emails of 10/11/09 and 9/22/13, for material on this game. A website on corkball is found at <a href="http://www.playcorkball.com,">http://www.playcorkball.com,</a> as accessed 9/25/13. It includes a 2012 paper on the history and context of the game. Its author, Jeff Kopp, sent us many further details (outlined above) in a 10/16/2013 email. See also <a href="http://www.angelfire.com/sports/corkball/STLhistory.html">http:///www.angelfire.com/sports/corkball/STLhistory.htm</a>. Accessed 10/8/09. This article includes a description of corkball rules and a corkball chronology that shows the addition of balls and strikes in 1941 and of extra-base hits in 1965. +

Crekettes +

See <a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/cricket/4883752/Strewth-Cricket-is-a-foreign-import-according-to-new-Australian-research.html">http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/cricket/4883752/Strewth-Cricket-is-a-foreign-import-according-to-new-Australian-research.html</a> accessed 10/10/09. Special thanks to Beth Hise, emails of September 2009, for leads on this game. +

Cuck-ball +

Gomme, Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Volume 1, page 83. +

Cudgel +

Gomme, Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Volume 1, pages 84-85. +

Curb Ball +

<a href="http://www.myrecollection.com/christianog/games.html">http://www.myrecollection.com/christianog/games.html</a> +

D

Diamond Ball +

Paul Dickson, The Worth Book of Softball (Facts on File, 1994), pages 57 and 58. +

Doutee Stool +

Ball Games, (London: George Routledge and Sons, 1860)., page 41. +

Drive Ball +

[1] The Boy's Book of Sports; a Description of the Exercises and Pastimes of Youth (New Haven, S. Babcock, 1835), 24 pages. Summarized in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It (University of Nebraska Press, 2005), page 198. See also Babcock's Juvenile Pastimes; or Girls' and Boys' Book of Sports (New Haven, S. Babcock), 16 pages, per David Block, page 212. [2] F. B. Sanborn, New Hampshire Biography and Autobiography (Private Printing, Concord NH, 1905), page 13. +

Dully +

Amy Stewart Fraser, Dae Ye Min’ Langsyne?: A Pot-pourri of Games, Rhymes, and Ploys of Scottish Childhood (Routledge, 1975), page 59. +

Dutch Long +

Daily Cleveland Herald, April 24, 1867, as posted to the 19CBB listserve by Kyle DeCicco-Carey on 8/19/2008. +

E

Egg-Hat +

Daily Cleveland Herald, April 24, 1867, as posted to the 19CBB listserve by Kyle DeCicco-Carey on 8/19/2008. p. 42 +

Evansville Townball +

F. M. Gilbert, History of the City of Evansville (Pioneer Publishing, 1910), page 106-108. +

F

Feeder +

The Boy's Own Book, (London: D. Bogue, 1852), page 29. See also Elliott, The Playground and the Parlour (1868), p. 53. +

Five Hundred +

G. Land, Growing Up with Baseball (UNebraska, 2004), pages 61 and 174. +

Flys-Are-Up, Flies-Up +

<a href="http://www.myrecollection.com/christianog/games.html">http://www.myrecollection.com/christianog/games.html</a> See also G. Land, Growing Up with Baseball (UNebraska, 2004). +

Fungo +

Culin, S. (1891). "Street Games of Boys in Brooklyn." Journal of American Folklore, volume 4, page 232; Our Game log, July 16, 2022 Henry Chadwick, Sports and Pastimes for American Boys (Routledge, New York, 1884), page 18. F. G. Cassidy et al., Dictionary of American Regional English (Harvard University Press, 1996), page 245. +

G

Gate-ball (Thorball) +

R. Bowen, Cricket: A History of its Growth and Development Throughout the World (Eyre and Spottiswoode, London, 1970), page 36. Bowen does not give dates or sources for the Dutch/Danish accounts. +

German Ball Game +

E. Perrin, et al., One Hundred and Fifty Gymnastic Games (G. H. Ellis, Boston, 1902), pages 22-23. +

German Baseball +

Roland Naul, “Applied Sport History,” Proceedings of the Sixth Congress of the International Society for the History of Physical Education and Sport (Plantin-Print, Budapest, 2002), pages 432ff. +

German Bat Ball +

Lydia Clark, Physical Training for the Elementary Schools (B. H. Sanborn, Chicago, 1921), pages 240-243. Emily Elmore and M. O’Shea, A Practical Handbook of Games (Macmillan, New York, 1922), pages 36-39. +

Gi-Gi Ball +

Jane Leavy [Koufax bio, page ref needed]. +

Gidigadie +

John Harland, ed., A Volume of Court Leet Records of the Manor of Manchester in the Sixteenth Century (Chetham Society, 1884), page 156. +

Giftball +

Jugndspiele zur Ehhjolung und Erheiterung (W. Simmerfled, Tilsit Germany, 1845). Also. email from Bill Hicklin, 1/24/2016. +

Goal Ball +

The best known references to Goal Ball are Robin Carver, The Book of Sports (Boston, Lilly Wait Colman and Holden, 1834), pp 37-40, -- see Protoball entry [[1834.1]] -- and Boy’s and Girl’s Book of Sports (Providence, Cory and Daniels), pp 17-19 -- see Protoball Chronology entries [[1835.6]] and [[1854.23]]. +

Grutz +

Paul R. Wieand, Outdoor Games of the Pennsylvania Germans (Plymouth Meeting, PA: Mrs. C. N. Keyser, 1950)., page 9. +

H

Half-Rubber +

Hugh M. Thomason, “A Depression-Days Schoolyard Game,” Western Folklore, Vol. 34, Issue 1, January 1975, pages 58-59. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-rubber. Philadelphia version: Brian Howard, “Wild in the Streets,” City Paper June 5, 1997, <a href="http://archives.citypaper.net/articles/060597/article077.shtml">http://archives.citypaper.net/articles/060597/article077.shtml</a>. +

Hand-in-Hand-Out +

Teresa McLean, The English at Play in the Middle Ages (Kensal Press, 1985), page 80. In The Royal Dictionary by A. Boyer (London, 1764), Hand In Hand Out is defined as "the Name of an unlawful Game," and translated into French as "forte de jeu defendu." +

Hat Ball +

Newell, Games and Songs of American Children. page 183. Paul G. Brewster, American Nonsinging Games (University of Oklahoma Press, 1953), page 85. +

Hit the Stick +

Culin, "Street Games of Boys in Brooklyn, N.Y.", page 231. +

Hook-em-Snivy +

The Alabama Reporter, as reprinted in Spirit of the Times (January 16, 1847), page 559. Provided by David Block, 2/28/2008. +

Hornebillets +

David Cram, et al., editors, Francis Willughby’s Book of Games (Ashgate, 2003), page 182. +

Hornie-Holes (also Kittie-Cat) +

J. Jamieson, Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language (Edinburgh, 1825), page 592-593. +

House Ball +

R. C. MacLagan, "Additions to 'the Games of Argyleshire'," Folklore 16, no. 1 (1905), page 83. A similar description appears in Folk Lore; A Quarterly Review of Myth, Tradition, Institution, and Custom (David Nutt, London, 1905), page 83. +

Howland Rounders +

<a href="http://howlandrounders.com/">http://howlandrounders.com</a>. Unique among sports organizations, perhaps the Board for this game features a chair and two CEOs. +

I

Indian Ball +

Brewster, American Nonsinging Games (U of Oklahoma Press, 1953) page 80. https://www.chrisoleary.com/projects/Indian-Ball-Game/index.html +

Indoor Baseball +

See Paul Dickson, The Worth Book of Softball (Facts on File, 1994), Chapter 3 (pages 46-59). Also, John Allen Krout, Annals of American Sport(Yale University Press, 1929), page 219. The above quotation is found in Peter Morris, A Game of Inches (Ivan Dee, 2010 single-bvolume edition, page 498. +

Ins and Withs +

F. G. Cassidy et al., Dictionary of American Regional English (Harvard University Press, 1996), pages 47-48. +

Irish Rounders +

“Irish Rounders,” email from Peadar O Tuatain to L. McCray, January 30 2002. Also note Howard Burman's 2013 report at http://protoball.org/Irish_Rounders_(Burman%27s_Report) +

J

Jellal +

G. T. Lowth, The Wanderer in Arabia; or, Western Footsteps in Eastern Tracks (Hurst and Blackett, London, 1855), pages 108-110. +

K

Kappenspiel +

Brewster, American Nonsinging Games. +

Kekivar +

Brewster, American Nonsinging Games. +

Kersa +

Prospective Missions in Abyssinia (Massachusetts Sabbath School Society, Boston, 1834), page 74. +

Kibel and Nerspel +

Gomme, Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Volume 1., page 298. +

Kick the Ball +

Culin, "Street Games of Boys in Brooklyn, N.Y.", pages 230-231. G. E. Johnson, What to Do at Recess (Ginn, Boston, 1910), page 32. +

Kick the Can +

G. E. Johnson, What to Do at Recess (Ginn, Boston, 1910), page 230. +

Kick the Wicket +

G. E. Johnson, What to Do at Recess (Ginn, Boston, 1910), page 230. +

Kickball +

<a href="http://www.kickball.com/">http://www.kickball.com/</a>, accessed 10/09/09. +

King’s Play (Cluich an Righ) +

MacLagan, "Additions to 'the Games of Argyleshire'.", page 80. +

Kit-Cat +

Brand, Observations on the Popular Antiquities of Great Britain: The Origins of Our Vulgar and Provincial Customs, Ceremonies and Superstitions (London: George Bell and Sons, 1900), pages 423-424. +

Kitten Ball +

See Paul Dickson, The Worth Book of Softball (Facts on File, 1994), page 52-53. +

Knattleikar or Knattleikr +

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a6KSqgkJxnY, accessed 4/4/2022. +

Knock-Out +

F. G. Cassidy et al., Dictionary of American Regional English (Harvard University Press, 1996), page 245. +

Kopfspeel +

Walter Endrei and Laszlo Zolnay, Fun and Games in Old Europe (Budapest: Corvina Klado, 1986). +

L

La Batonet +

Geo. Clulow, in Notes and Queries: A Medium of Intercommunication for Literary Men, General Readers, Etc. (J. Francis, London, 1895), Volume 7 -- January - June, pages 375-376. +

Lahden Mailaveikot +

Per Maigaard, “Battingball Games,” Genus 5 (1941). Reprinted in Block, Baseball Before We Knew It, Appendix 6. See page 260ff in Block. +

Lapta +

New York Times, September 16, 1952, as cited in Paul Dickson, The Dickson Dictionary (Third Edition, Norton, 2009), page 485. Bill Keller, "In Baseball, the Russians Steal All the Bases," New York Times, July 20 1987. Ira Berkow, "Russian Eye on Baseball," New York Times, August 14 1989. Carl Schreck, "No Wrong Way to Swing Bat," The St. Petersburg Times, October 31 2003. +

Line Ball +

F. G. Cassidy et al., Dictionary of American Regional English (Harvard University Press, 1996), page 365. +

Long Ball (European baserunning game) +

Per Maigaard, "Battingball Games," Genus 5 (1941). Reprinted as Appendix 6 in David Block, Baseball Before We Knew It (U. Nebraska, 2005), pages 260ff. Henry S. Curtis, Play and Recreation for the Open Country (Ginn, 1914). pages 62-63. +

Long Dutch +

F. G. Cassidy et al., Dictionary of American Regional English (Harvard University Press, 1996), page 415. The camp program is found at <a href="http://www.bgbrigade.com/programs-8th.asp">http://www.bgbrigade.com/programs-8th.asp</a> +

Long Town +

F. G. Cassidy et al., Dictionary of American Regional English (Harvard University Press, 1996), page 62. Curtis, Henry S. Play and Recreation for the Open Country (Ginn, 1914). +

M

Massachusetts Game +

The Mass game rules appeared in Mayhew and Baker, Base Ball. A Manual of Cricket and Base Ball, With Rules and Regulations Illustrated. (Boston, Mayhew and Baker, 1858), pages20 - 24. For a more modern treatment, see John Thorn's Our Game blog at https://ourgame.mlblogs.com/the-game-that-got-away-a385699cd936 +

Matball (Big Base) +

<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/matball">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/matball</a>. Accessed 10/11/09. https://kickballzone.com/detailed-look-matball/. Accessed 7/11/23. (Lists 'Swedish Baseball' s another name for the game.) +

Mickey +

F. G. Cassidy et al., Dictionary of American Regional English (Harvard University Press, 1996), pages 586-587. +

Monday, Tuesday +

Games and Sports for Young Boys, (Routledge, Warne, and Routledge, London, 1859)., page 33. Also described in Alice Bertha Gomme, The Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland (London, D. Nutt, 1894), page unspecified. +

Move-Up +

Brewster, American Nonsinging Games. Brewster cites Mason and Mitchell, Active Games [“Rotation”], page 327 and Boyd, [“Piggie Move Up”], page 65. F. G. Cassidy et al., Dictionary of American Regional English (Harvard University Press, 1996). +

Munshets +

Gomme, Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Volume 1, pages 407-408. +

N

Nations +

Brewster, American Nonsinging Games. +

Nine Holes +

The Boy's Own Book, pages 29-30. Ball Games (Routledge, 1860), page 54. The Boy's Handy Book (Ward and Lock, London, 1863), pages 18-19. Alfred Elliott, The Playground and the Parlour (Nelson and Sons, London, 1868) page 56. +

Norr and Spell +

Ball Games., page 56. Gomme, Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Volume 1., pages 421-423. +

Northern Spell +

Strutt, The Sports and Pastimes of the People of England. +

Norwegian Ball +

Collections of the State Historical Society, Volume 2 (State Printers and Binders, Bismark ND, 1908), pages 213-214. Per Maigaard, "Battingball Games," Genus 5 (1941); see Block, Appendix 6, page 263. +

O

Off-the-Wall +

<a href="http://www.myrecollection.com/christianog/games.html">http://www.myrecollection.com/christianog/games.html</a> +

Oina +

“Play Oina!: Romanians Say Their Game Inspired Creation of Baseball,” Oneonta Times, March 29, 1990. “Oina – Perhaps it was Baseball’s Grandfather,” World Leisure and Recreations Association Bulletin, September-October 1973. http://www.romania-insider.com/forgotten-romanian-national-sport-oina-baseball/ [This source states that oina became the national sport officially in 2014, but is endangered today and is "almost forgotten," with only 25 village clubs active. It also claims that the sport has been documented in the 1300s. The sport was declared compulsory in Romanian schools in 1897.] Several Youtube videos describe Oina (if you find others, let us know). Most of the following were scouted out by John Thorn, and submitted in an email to Protoball on 1/19/2017: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pw8abRh7OjY [English, <3 mins. An oina preservation campaign is sustained by two photographers who have produced a photobook for sale.] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6gzU3vH4XA [Non-English, >6 mins. An inspired schematic representation that manages to convey many of the rules of play.] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=btJcbhEDiIM [Not narrated, < 1 minute. A few dozen photos from a recent book on oina.] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=88BRU5QlS0A&t=3s [Non-English narration, > 5 mins.] Varieties of mostly bucolic play. You'll find more with a YouTube search for "oina." +

B

Base Ball +

One investigation of Old Fashioned Base Ball is at Astifan and McCray, "'Old-Fashioned Base Ball' in Western New York, 1825-1860," Base Ball, volume 2 number 2 (Fall 2008), pages 26-34. +

O

Old Hundred +

W. Battle, Memories of an Old-Time Tar Heel, (UNC Press, Chapel Hill, 1945), page 57. +

Om El Mahag +

Ado Gini, "Rural Ritual Games in Libya," Rural Sociology 4, no. 1 (1939). Lidstrom and Bjarsholm, Batting, Running, and ‘Burning’ in Early Modern Europe: A Contribution to the Debate on the Roots of Baseball, International Journal of the History of Sport (2020), at https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09523367.2020.1714597 +

One O’ Cat +

Culin, "Street Games of Boys in Brooklyn, N.Y.." pages 231-232. +

One, Two, Three +

F. G. Cassidy, Dictionary of American Regional English (Harvard University Press, 1996), page 232. +

One-Three-One-One +

F. G. Cassidy, Dictionary of American Regional English (Harvard University Press, 1996), page 882. +

Over-the-Line +

<a href="http://www.baseballfit.com/otl.htm">http://www.baseballfit.com/otl.htm</a> <a href="http://www.ehow.com/how_2251292_play-over-line.html">http://www.ehow.com/how_2251292_play-over-line.html</a> Peter Morris, A Game of Inches (Ivan Dee, 2010 single-volume edition), page 499. +

P

Palant +

Josh Chetwynd, Baseball in Europe: A Country by Country History (McFarland, 2008). page 219. <a href="http://www.google.com/translate?hl=en&ie=UTF8&sl=auto&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grabow.com.pl%2F%3Fregulamin-gry-w-palanta">http://www.grabow.com.pl/regulamin-gry-w-palanta</a> <a href="http://www.ghs-mh.de/traditions/topics/health/sports_pl.htm">http://www.ghs-mh.de/traditions/topics/health/sports_pl.htm</a> D. Block, Base Ball Before We Knew It (UNebraska Press, 2005), page 101. Protoball entry [[1609.1]] summarizes the Jamestown account. +

Patch Baseball +

See Protoball Chronology item [[1850c.17]]. Thanks to Skip McAfee for explaining the term. +

Peanut Baseball +

W. Runquist, “The Hill,” in G. Land, Growing Up with Baseball (UNebraska, 2004), page 98. +

Pellet +

MacLagan, R. C. "Additions to 'the Games of Argyleshire'." Folklore, volume 16, no. 1 (1905), page 87. R. C. MacLagan, The Perth Incident of 1396 from a Folk-lore Point of View (Blackwood and Son, 1905), page 54. The Encyclopedic Dictionary (Cassel, Peter and Galpin, 1882), page 625. J. Harland, A Volume of Court Leet Records of the Manor of Manchester in the Sixteenth Century (Chetham Society, 1864), page 156. +

Pepper +

Charlie Metro (with [[Tom Altherr]]), Safe By A Mile (U Nebraska Press,2002), page 426. +

Pesapallo +

An introduction to the game is found at <a href="http://www.pesis.fi/pesapalloliitto/international_site/introduction_to_the_game/">http://www.pesis.fi/pesapalloliitto/international_site/introduction_to_the_game/</a> +

Petjeball +

Brewster, American Nonsinging Games. +

Philadelphia Bat Ball +

Emily Elmore and M. O’Shea, A Practical Handbook of Games (Macmillan, New York, 1922), pages 93-95. +

Philadelphia Town Ball +

Richard Hershberger, “A Reconstruction of Philadelphia Town Ball,” Base Ball, Volume 1, number 2 (Fall 2007), pages 28-43. +

Pie-Ball +

O. Heslop, Northumberland Words (Oxford U Press, London, 1893), page 535. +

Pingball +

B. Boynton, “Diceball and Pingball,” in G. Land, Growing Up with Baseball (UNebraska, 2004) pages 156 - 159. +

Pitching-In +

<a href="http://www.myrecollection.com/christianog/games.html">http://www.myrecollection.com/christianog/games.html</a> +

Pize Ball +

Alice Bertha Gomme, The Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Volume 2 (New York: Dover [reprint -- original publication 1898], 1964), page 45. +

Playground Ball +

G. E. Johnson, What to Do at Recess (Ginn, Boston, 1910), page 32. +

Podex +

<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podex">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podex</a> +

Poisoned Ball +

Les Jeux Des Jeunes Garcons, (Paris, Chez Nepveu, 4th edition, 1818), page 37. +

Prelleries +

Per Maigaard, "Battingball Games," Genus 5 (1941); reprinted in Block, Baseball Before We Knew It (U. Nebraska, 2005), Appendix 6, page 263. +

Punchball +

G. E. Johnson, What to Do at Recess (Ginn, Boston, 1910), page 32. <a href="http://www.myrecollection.com/christianog/games.html">http://www.myrecollection.com/christianog/games.html</a>. +

R

Retenido +

Brewster, American Nonsinging Games. +

Roley Poley +

Culin, "Street Games of Boys in Brooklyn, N.Y.." page 234. +

Rotation +

J. H. McCurdy, “Classification of Playground Activities,” American Physical Education Review Volume 16 (1911), page 49. +

Round Ball +

Henderson, Bat, Ball and Bishop p. 137. Morris, Baseball Fever p. 23; Thorn, Baseball in the Garden of Eden p. 57-60; Block, Baseball Before We Knew It p. 159-160, 87-88. +

Round Cat +

Dialect Notes (American Dialect Society, Norwood MA, 1896), page 214. Altherr, "Southern Ball Games--Chermany, Round Cat, Etc." Base Ball (Spring 2011). +

Round Town (Round Town Ball) +

[A] Peter Morris, But Didn't We Have Fun: An Informal History of Baseball's Pioneer Era, 1843-1870 (Ivan Dee, Chicago, 2008), pp.16-18. For data on 12 names of predecessor games, see the book's index entry for 'Rival Bat-and-Ball', page 282. [B] J. Lambert and H. Reinhard, A History of Catasaqua in Lehigh County (Searle and Dressler, Allentown, 1914), page 364.: William F. Mason, The Journal of William Franklin Mason, completed in 1954; from <a href="http://ftp.rootsweb.com/pub/usgenweb/ky/elliott/mason/mason29.txt">http://ftp.rootsweb.com/pub/usgenweb/ky/elliott/mason/ mason29.txt</a>, accessed 2/24/2008. [C] New York Clipper January 1866. 19CBB post 2/2/2002 by John Freyer [D] Email from Bill Hicklin, February 6, 2016, citing D. Reedy, ed., School and Community History jof Dickenson County, Virginia [1994] [E] Bruce Allardice, contributions to Protoball, (date lost). +

Rounders -- Hungary +

Gyula Hajdu, "Collection of Hungarian Folk Games" (as Translated from Hungarian Magyar Nepi Jatekok Gyujtemenye) (Budapest: 1971), page 173. +

Rounds +

Brewster, American Nonsinging Games. +

Roundsies +

G. Carney, “The Tennis Court,” in G. Land, Growing Up with Baseball (UNebraska, 2004), page 110. +

Rownes +

W. Carew Hazlitt, Faiths and Folklore: A Dictionary of National Beliefs, Superstitions and Popular Customs (London: Reeves and Turner, 1905)., page 527. +

Run-Around +

See Protoball Chronology item #[[1855c.1]]. The letter was written to the Mills Commission, which was examining the origins of American baseball. +

S

Schlagball +

Endrei, W., and Laszlo Zolnay, Fun and Games in Old Europe. Budapest, (Corvina Klado, 1986). +

Single-Wicket Cricket +

Thorne, Baseball in the Garden of Eden, p. 79. Rowell, p. 17; wikipedia; New York Clipper, May 24, 1856: https://crickethistory.website/single_wicket/single_wicket_checklist.html Origins Committee Newsletter, October, 2022. +

Sixteen-Inch Softball (No-Glove Softball) +

M. Davey, “Gloveless Players Hold on to Softball Dream,” New York Times, 9/18/09. E. Hageman, “The Clincher,” In Gary Land, ed., Growing Up with Baseball (UNebraska, 2004), pages 131-132. +

Sky-Ball +

Norwich Courier, Volume 11, issue 8 (May 16, 1832), page 1. H. Philpott, “A Little Boys’ Game with a Ball,” The Popular Science Monthly, Volume 37, Number 5 (September 1890) page 654. Writing in volume 5, no. 4 (April 2012) of ''Originals,'' Tom Altherr notes that a 1900 source on schoolyard games noted "The game of Flip Up or Sky-Ball is still played by smaller children, and sometimes by large ones (especially girls). It is often played by as many as a dozen players and is here known as "Tip-Up," or "Tippy-Up." The 1900 source is D. C. Gibson, "Play Ball," ''Mind and Body: A Monthly Journal'',Volume 7, no 73 (March 1900), page 7. No rules for this game is given. +

Slavonic Long Ball +

Per Maigaard, "Battingball Games," Genus 5 (1941); reprinted in Block Baseball Before We Knew It, Appendix 6, page 263. +

Soak Ball +

Adrian C. Anson, A Ball Player's Career (Era Publishing, 1900) pp. 13-14. +

Sockey +

Hall, The Tribune Book of Open-Air Sports (1887), cited in K. Grover, Hard at Play: Leisure in America, 1840-1940 (UMass Press, 1992), page 244. F. C. Tatum, Old West Town Ferris Brothers, Philadelphia, 1888), page 8. +

Softball +

Paul Dickson, The Worth Book of Softball (Facts on File, 1994). Morris A Bealle, The Softball Story (Washington: Columbian Publishing Group, 1956). +

Speilinn +

MacLagan, R. C. "Additions to 'the Games of Argyleshire'." Folklore 16, no. 1 (1905), pages 87-88. +

Spoonie Hoosie +

Amy Stewart Fraser, Dae Ye Min’ Langsyne? (Routledge, 1975), page 59. +

Square Ball +

Jane Leavy [Koufax bio, page needed]. Emily W. Elmore, A Practical Handbook of Games, (Macmillan, NY, 1922), pages 17-18. +

Squares +

David Block, Baseball before We Knew It: A Search for the Roots of the Game (University of Nebraska Press, 2005), page 138. The original source is Montague, The Youth's Encyclopedia of Health (1838). +

Stickball +

Gregory Christiano, <a href="http://www.myrecollection.com/christianog/games.html">http://www.myrecollection.com/christianog/games.html</a> +

Stones +

The Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Volume 2 (New York: Dover [reprint -- original publication 1898], 1964), pages 216-217. +

Stoolball +

For more information on Stoolball England and the current status of the game, see <a href="http://www.stoolball.org.uk/">http://www.stoolball.org.uk/</a>. For a 2013 review of the recent upwelling of interest in stoolball, see [[Stoolball Today -- The Rejuvenation of an Ancient Pastime]]. Alice Bertha Gomme, The Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland (New York; Dover, 1964 – reprinted from two volumes printed in 1894 and 1898), pp 219-220 A. Lusted, Girls Just Wanted to Have Fun: Stoolball Reports in Local Newspapers, 1747 to 1866, (44 pages) 2013. A. Lusted, The Glynde Butterflies Stoolball Team 1866-1887 (96 pages), 2011. L. McCray, "The Amazing Francis Willughby, and the Role of Stoolball in the Evolution of Baseball and Cricket," Base Ball, volume 5, number 1,. pages 17 to 20. See the article on Stoolball in the Origins Committee Newsletter, December, 2021. And https://ourgame.mlblogs.com/pilgrim-stoolball-and-the-profusion-of-american-safe-haven-ballgames-bc277817999b +

Strike Up and Lay Down +

The Boy's Handy Book., pages 18-19. +

Stub One +

F. G. Cassidy, Dictionary of American Regional English (Harvard University Press, 1996), page 882. +

Swede Ball +

Collections of the State Historical Society, Volume 2 (State Printers and Binders, Bismark ND, 1908), pages 213-214. Maigaard, "Battingball Games." Genus 5 (1941). (Reprinted as Appendix 6 of Block, Baseball Before We Knew It.) See page 263. +

T

Tabeh +

Henry H. Jessup, The Women of the Arabs, with a Chapter for Children (Dodd Mead, 1873), page 90. +

Three-Base Ball +

Posted to the 19CBB listserve on May 13, 2007 by Craig B. Waff. Craig cites the source as “Sports in Old Brooklyn: Colonel John Oakley Tells of the Games of His Boyhood: How Some Well-Known Men Amused Themselves in Bygone Days – Duck-on-the-Rock, Three Base Ball and Two Old Cat Good Enough for Them,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Volume 54, number 292 (Sunday, October 21, 1894), page 21, columns 4-5. +

Thèque +

Block, David, Baseball before We Knew It: A Search for the Roots of the Game (University of Nebraska Press, 2005)., pages 147-148. +

Tip-Cat +

Joseph Strutt, The Sports and Pastimes of the People of England—a New Edition, Much Enlarged and Corrected by J. Charles Fox (????? (Reissued by Singing Tree Press, Detroit, 1968), 1903)., pages 109-110 The Boy's Handy Book., page 14. Aspin, "Ancient Customs, Sports, and Pastimes of the English" (1832) p. 225 Gomme, Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Volume 1. pages 294-295. Dick, ed., Dick and Fitzgerald, the American Boys Book of Sports and Games: A Practical Guide to Indoor and Outdoor Amusements (Lyons Press Reprint, 2000). Originally Published in 1864., pages 117-118. D. C. Beard, The American Boy’s Book of Sport (Scribner’s Sons, New York, 1896), page 332. H. D. Richardson, Holiday Sports and Pastimes for Boys, (Wm S. Orr, London, 1848), pages 63-64. +

Touch-Ball +

“The American Base Ball Players,” Guardian, July 31, 1874, page 5. E. G. Sihler, “College and Seminary Life in the Olden Days,” in W. Dau., ed., Ebenezer: Reviews of the Work of the Missouri Synod During Three Quarters of a Century (Concordia Publishing, St. Louis, 1922), page 253. +

Touch-the-Base +

Whitelaw Reid, Ohio in the War (Moore, Wilstach and Baldwin, Cincinnati, 1868), page 562. See also PBall Chronology entry #[[1840c.37]] +

Tournoi +

Charles Johnston, Famous Generals of the Great War (Page Company, Boston, 1919), page 253. +

Tradgy +

O. Heslop, Northumberland Words (Oxford U Press, London, 1893), page 741. +

Trap Ball +

Wikipedia New York Evening Post, June 8, 1821 Aspin, "Ancient Customs, Sports, and Pastimes of the English" (1832) p. 223. Walker, "Games and Sports" (1837) p. 237. Hone, "The Spots and Pastimes of the People of England..." pp. 107-109 +

Tribet +

Alice B. Gomme, The Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland (Davit Nutt, London, 1898), page 307. Promptorium Parvulorum (Society of Camden, reprinted 1865), page 503. +

Tripbal +

Josh Chetwynd, Baseball in Europe: A Country by Country History (McFarland, 2008). page 14. +

Trippit and Coit (Trippets, Trip-Cat) +

Alice B. Gomme, The Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland (Davit Nutt, London, 1898), page 308. +

Trounce-Ball +

Alice B. Gomme, The Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland (Davit Nutt, London, 1898), page 309. +

Trunket +

Alice Bertha Gomme, The Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland (New York; Dover, 1964 – reprinted from two volumes printed in 1894 and 1898), page 310. +

Tut-Ball +

[A] Alice B. Gomme, The Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland (Davit Nutt, London, 1898), page 314. [B] Joseph Wright, The English Dialect Dictionary (Henry Frowd, London, 1905), page 277. Part or all of this entry appears to credit Burne's Folklore (1883) as its source. +

Two-Base Town Ball +

Bell Irvin Wiley, The Common Soldier in the Civil War (Grosset and Dunlap, New York, 1952), Book Two, “The Life of Johnny Reb,” page 159. +

U

Unnamed Games - Balkans +

Endrei, Fun and Games in Old Europe. +

Unnamed Games - Czech +

-Hippolytus Guarinoni*, The Horrors of the Devastation of the Human Race (Orig: Greuel Der Verwustung Des Menschlichen Geschlechts (Ingolstadt, Austria 1610). <div> Block, David, Baseball before We Knew It: A Search for the Roots of the Game (University of Nebraska Press, 2005). </div> <div> Endrei, Fun and Games in Old Europe. </div> +

Unnamed Games - Hungarian +

Endrei, Fun and Games in Old Europe. +

Up-Ball +

Juvenile Pastimes: Or, Girls’ and Boys’ Book of Sports (S. Babcock, New Haven, 1849.) +

V

Vigoro +

<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigoro">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigoro</a>. <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=history%20of%20vigoro%20game">https://www.google.com/search?q=history%20of%20vigoro%20game</a> +

W

Waggles (Whacks) +

Alice B. Gomme, The Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland (Davit Nutt, London, 1898), page 329. +

Welsh Baseball +

For a history of Welsh baseball, see http://www.welshbaseball.co.uk/history/history/journal/. Included is Martin Johnes, "'Poor man's Cricket': Baseball, Class and Community in South Wales, c.1880 - 1950." International Journal of the History of Sport' volume 17, number 4 (December 2000). George Vecsey, "Playing Baseball in Wales," New York Times, August 11 1986. Kevin O'Brien - www.welshbaseball.co.uk +

Wicket +

Short descriptions of the game are found in Protoball Chronology items #[[1846.8]], #[[1850s.16]], and #[[1855c.3]]. There is also a Protoball Subchronology at http://protoball.org/Chronology:Wicket. As of 2022, Protoball lists over 50 milestones for to wicket. Robin Carver, The Book of Sports (Boston, 1834). See chapter III, "Games with a Ball. The simpler game appears on pages 48-49." Carver does not name the simpler game as wicket. An excellent article on wicket in CT, by Alex Dubois, appeared in the March 2022 Origins/Protoball Committee Newsletter. +

Wiffle ball +

For a longish New Yorker article on an advanced form of wiffle ball, see https://www.newyorker.com/news/sporting-scene/the-men-who-have-taken-wiffle-ball-to-a-crazy-competitive-place?mbid=social_twitter. (Submitted 9/3/2018 by Glenn Stout; pitches have been measured at over 90 mph.) A web search for <ben mcgrath wiffle ball> may help you locate the New Yorker piece. It is dated August 31, 2018. For a lighthearted You Tube exposition of the fourth-best team in the the National Wiffleball Championship Tournament (what year? where played?), see https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jPEnXCtwHeU. The Wiffle Ball Company's somewhat spartan site is at http://www.wiffle.com/. Also, see Billy Baker, "Takes a Swing at Wiffle Ball Legacy," Boston Globe, September 9, 2019, pp 1 and A7. +

Wireball +

<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireball">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireball</a> +

Workup +

Two examples of Work-Up are depicted in G. Land, Growing Up with Baseball (UNebraska, 2004), pages 83 and 175. +

C

Cricket +

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gYZFNRc9mKk +

1

1861.21 +

Sophronia E. Bucklin, In Hospital and Camp: A Woman’s Record of Thrilling Incidents Among the Wounded in the Late War (Potter and Company, Philadelphia, 1869), pp. 35-36. Viewed at Google Books 5/27/09, via the search <bucklin camp>. +

1861.22 +

New York Sunday Mercury, Dec. 8, 1861 +

1861.23 +

[A] New York Sunday Mercury, April 7, 1861 [B] New York Sunday Mercury, May 12, 1861 +

1861.24 +

Wilkes' Spirit of the Times, April 27, 1861. +

1862.25 +

New York Sunday Mercury, Aug. 2, 1862 +

1863.1 +

[A] History. The First National Bank of Scranton, PA (Scranton, 1906), page 37. This is, at this time (2011), the only known reference to championship games in the warring armies. As described in Patricia Millen, On the Battlefield, the New York Game Takes Hold, 1861-1865, Base Ball Journal, Volume 5, number 1 (Special Issue on Origins), pages 149-152. [B] Larry McCray, [[Ballplaying in Civil War Camps]]. [C] Bruce Allardice, email to Protoball of August, 2013. [D] (((add Steinke ref and Clipper url here?))) +

1863.2 +

Richard Hershberger, "The 'New Marlboro Match Base Ball Co.' of 1863", in Base Ball (McFarland, Spring 2010), p. 87. The documents, part of an autograph album, are part of a private collection. +

1863.9 +

Elizabeth Ware Pearson, Letters from Port Royal Written at the Time of the Civil War (W. B. Clarke, Boston, 1906), page 162. Accessed 6/7/09 on Google Books via “from port royal” search. Port Royal is about 15 miles north of Holton Head SC and about 40 miles NE of Savannah GA. +

1863.17 +

Adams, Reminiscences of the Nineteenth Massachusetts Regiment (Wright and Potter, Boston, 1899), pp 60-61. +

1863.19 +

Nicholas E. Young, letter to Spalding, December 2, 1904. Accessed at the Giamatti Center of the Baseball; Hall of Fame, 6/26/09, in the “Origins file. Summarized in George Kirsch, Baseball in Blue and Gray (Princeton U, 2003), page 37. Zoss and Bowman’s Diamonds in the Rough says that the 32nd had a cricket team and that Young played on it [p. 81]. +

1863.29 +

http://amanlypastime.blogspot.com/2014/08/battling-in-parisppany-and-base-ball.html +

1863.39 +

The New York Herald, April 29, 1863 +

1863.42 +

[A]Michael Zitz, “Soldiers Recount Stafford Baseball Games,” carried on the Fredericksburg.com website, accessed 6/14/2009. Google search <of the veteran 13th>. [B]Allison C. Barash, “Baseball in the Civil War, The National Pastime (January 2001), pp 17-18. Stafford VA is about 10 miles north of Fredericksburg and 65 miles north of Richmond. +

1863.58 +

J. Evers and H. Fullerton, Touching Second: The Science of Baseball (Reilly and Britton, Chicago, 1910), pages 21-22. Accessed 6/28 on Google Books via “touching second” search. This book provides no source for the Dryden passage. +

1864.6 +

H.W. Howe “Diary of Henry Warren Howe, February 1864,” Passages from the Life of Henry Warren Howe ( Courier-Citizen, 1899), page 61. Provided by Jeff Kittel, 2009. See https://archive.org/details/passagesfromlife00inhowe. +

B

Buff-Ball +

Philip Vickers Fithian, Philip Vickers Fithian Journal and Letters 1767-1774, John Rogers Williams, ed. (Freeport NY, Books for Libraries Press, 1969 [1900]), page 49. Reported in "Tom Altherr's Notebook," Originals volume 5, number 6 (June 2012), pages 1-2. +

S

Sockball +

Henry J. Philpott, "A Little Boys' Game with a Ball," Popular Science Monthly, volume 37 (May to October 1890), page 651. +

H

Hole-Ball +

Henry J. Philpott, "A Little Boys' Game with a Ball," Popular Science Monthly, volume 37 (May-October 1890), pages 651-652. +

W

Wibble-Wobble +

<table class="wikitable"> <tbody> <tr><th> </th> <td> Henry J. Philpott, "A Little Boys' Game with a Ball," Popular Science Monthly, volume 37 (May-October 1890), pages 651-652. </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> +

T

Thor-ball +

R. Bowen, Cricket: A History of its Growth and Development Throughout the World (Eyre and Spottiswoode, London, 1970), page 36. Bowen does not give dates or sources for the Dutch/Danish accounts. +

C

Cat's Pallet +

John Harland, ed., A Volume of Court Leet Records of the Manor of Manchester in the Sixteenth Century (Chetham Society, 1884), page 156. +

T

Tip-e-Up +

Henry J. Philpott, "A Little Boys' Game With a Ball," Popular Science Monthly, volume 37 (May to October 1890), page 654. +

W

Whirl +

For details, see http://greensleeves.typepad.com/berkshires/baseball/ +

H

Halfball +

See also [[Half-Rubber]] and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halfball. Accessed December 2019. +

T

Tire-Ball +

See also the 4th paragraph at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halfball. +

F

Fuzz-Ball +

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzzball_%28sport%29 A nice introduction to local Fuzz-Ball variants is at <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TzULVIftxuQ">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TzULVIftxuQ</a>. +

S

Stonyhurst Cricket +

Rev. John Gerard, Stonyhurst College (Belfast, Marcus Ward and Co., 1894), pages 179-182. +

R

Rounders - Britain +

The earliest reference to English rounders is in Clarke, W., Boy’s Own Book (London, Vizetelly Branston, 1828, second edition. Alice Bertha Gomme, The Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland (New York; Dover, 1964 – reprinted from two volumes printed in 1894 and 1898), pages 145-146. Gomme (1898) notes that "An elaborate form of this game has become the national game of the United States." David Block, Baseball before We Knew It, has dozens of dozens of indexed references to rounders. See the article on Rounders in the Origins Committee Newsletter, February, May, 2021. See also [[Feeder_and_Rounders,_1841]], contributed by Bill Hicklin. +

B

BC700c.1 +

Isaiah 22:18. "Played Baseball in Bible Times: The Prophet Isaiah Made the only reference to the Pastime to be Found in the Holy Writ." (The Hamilton [Ont] Spectator - from an unidentified clipping in the Origins file at the Giamatti Center in Cooperstown.) A compilation of 15 English translations [accessed at <a href="http://bible.cc/isaiah/22-18.htm%20on%2012/29/10">http://bible.cc/isaiah/22-18.htm on 12/29/10</a>] shows that most of them summon the image of an angry God hurling the miscreant, like a ball, far far away. (One exception, however, cites the winding of a turban, not a ball.) A literal translation is unrevealing: "And thy coverer covering, wrapping round, Wrappeth thee round, O babbler, On a land broad of sides—there thou diest." +

1

1255.1 +

The book Spain: A History in Art by Bradley Smith (Doubleday, 1971) includes a plate that appears to show "several representations of baseball figures and some narrative." The work is dated to 1255, the period of Spain's King Alfonso. Email from Ron Gabriel, July 10, 2007. Ron also has supplied a quality color photocopy of this plate, which was the subject of his presentation at the 1974 SABR convention. 2007 Annotation: can we specify the painting and its creator? Can we learn how baseball historians and others interpret this artwork? From Pam Bakker, email of 1/4/2022: "Cantigas de Santa Maria,"or "Canticles (songs) of Holy Mary" by Alfonso X of Castile El Sabio (1221-1284) +

B

BC2400c.1 +

[A] Piccione, Peter, “Pharaoh at the Bat,” College of Charlestown Magazine(Spring/Summer 2003), p.36. From a clipping in the Giamatti Center’s “Origins” file in Cooperstown. [B]Henderson, Robert W.,Ball, Bat and Bishop: The Origins of Ball Games [Rockport Press, 1947], page 4. +

BC1460.1 +

Per Henderson, Robert W., Ball, Bat and Bishop: The Origins of Ball Games [Rockport Press, 1947], p. 20. +

6

640s.1 +

Joseph Strutt, The Sports and Pastimes of the People of England (Chatto and Windus, London, 1898 edition), p. 158. +

B

BC2000 to 1000ADc.1 +

Henderson, Robert W., Ball, Bat and Bishop: The Origins of Ball Games [Rockport Press, 1947], pp. 8-21. +

BC750.1 +

Stephen G. Miller, Arete: Greek Sports from Ancient Sources [University of California Press, 2004]: See especially Chapter 9, "Ball Playing." The Pollox quote is from pp. 124-125, and the Galen quote is from pp. 121-124. Special thanks to Dr. Miller for his assistance. +

1

1393.1 +

<a href="http://www.cnmag.ca/">http://www.cnmag.ca</a>, as accessed 9/6/2007. +

3

370c.1 +

Saint Augustine's Confessions, Book One, text supplied by Dick McBane, February 2008. +

B

BC2000c.1 +

William S. Walsh, A Handy Book of Curious Information (J. B. Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1913), page 83. Available via Google Books search "to light small balls," 1/27/2010. +

1

1086.1 +

Note: This source is Henderson, Robert W., Ball, Bat and Bishop: The Origins of Ball Games [Rockport Press, 1947], p. 75. +

8

824.1 +

Waley, Arthur, The Life and Times of Po Chu-I, 772-846 [Allen and Unwin, London, 1949], p. 157. Submitted by John Thorn, 10/12/2004. +

B

BC2500c.1 +

Culin, Stewart, “Street Games of Boys in Brooklyn, N.Y.,” Journal of American Folklore, Volume 4, number 14 (July-September 1891), page 233, note 1. +

BC1500c.1 +

[Haslip-Viera, Gabriel: Bernard Ortiz de Montellano; Warren Barbour "Robbing Native American Cultures: Van Sertima's Afrocentricity and the Olmecs," Current Anthropology, Vol. 38, No. 3, (Jun., 1997), pp. 419-441] Per email from César González, 12/6/2008. +

BC2000c.3 +

Henderson, Robert W.,Ball, Bat and Bishop: The Origins of Ball Games [Rockport Press, 1947], page 19; the image itself is reproduced opposite page 28. +

1

1450.2 +

National Stoolball Association website, accessed April 2007. +

1538.1 +

Brewster, Paul G., American Nonsinging Games [University of Oklahoma Press, Norman OK, 1953] pp. 79-89. Submitted by John Thorn, 6/6/04. Brewster gives no source for the French dictum, nor for the "later date" when Easter play ceased in England. Bob Tholkes (email of 10/4/2017) found a later source: Dawn Marie Hayes, “Earthly Uses of Heavenly Spaces: Non-Liturgical Activities in Sacred Place”, in Studies in Medieval History & Culture, Francis G. Gentry, ed., Routledge, 2003, p. 64. +

1550c.2 +

Brown, J. F., The Story of the Royal Grammar School, Guildford, 1950, page 6. +

1550c.1 +

From an unidentified photocopy in the "Origins of Baseball" file at the Giamatti Center at Cooperstown. (Found c. 2006) +

1586c.1 +

Sir Philip Sydney, Arcadia: Sonnets [1622], page 493. Note: citation needs confirmation. +

1598.4 +

A.G. Steel and R. H. Lyttelton, Cricket, (Longmans Green, London, 1890) 4th edition, page 6. +

1600c.1 +

[A] Guarinoni, Hippolytis, Greuel der Verwustung der menschlichen Gesschlechts [The horrors of the devastation of the human race], [Ingolstadt, Austrian Empire, 1610], per David Block, Baseball Before We Knew It, pages 167-168. See also pp. 100-102 for Block's summary of, and a translation of the Guarinoni material. [B] Source: from page 111 of an unidentified photocopy in the "Origins of Baseball" file at the Giamatti Center of the Baseball Hall of Fame, accessed in 2008. The quoted material is found in a section titled "Rounders and Other Ball Games with Sticks and Bats," pp. 110-111. This section also reports: "Gyula Hajdu sees the origin of round games as follows: 'Round games conserve the memory of ancient castle warfare. A member of the besieged garrison sets out for help, slipping through the camp of the enemy. . . . '" "In Hungary several variants of rounders exist in the countryside." This unidentified source may be W. Andrei and L. Zolnay, Fun and Games in Old Europe [English translation from Hungarian] (Budapest, 1986), pp. 110-111, as cited in Block, fn 16, page 304. +

1609.1 +

The 1609 source is Zbigniew Stefanski, Memorial Commercatoris [A Merchant's Memoirs], (Amsterdam, 1625), as cited in David Block's Baseball Before We Knew It, page 101. Stefanski was a skilled Polish workingman who wrote a memoir of his time in the Jamestown colony: an entry for 1609 related the Polish game of pilka palantowa(bat ball). Another account by a scholar reported adds that "the playfield consisted of eight bases not four, as in our present day game of baseball." If true, this would imply that the game involved running as well as batting. 1975 Letter: from Matthew Baranski to the Baseball Hall ofFame, March 23, 1975. [Found in the Origins file at the Giamatti Center.] Matthew Baranski himself cites First Poles in America1608-1958, published by the Polish Falcons of America, Pittsburgh, but unavailable online as of 7/28/09. We have not confirmed that sighting. See also David Block, "Polish Workers Play Ball at Jamestown Virginia: An Early Hint of Continental Europe's Influence on Baseball," Base Ball (Origins Issue), Volume 5, number 1 (Spring 2011), pp.5-9. +

1621.1 +

Bradford, William, Of Plymouth Plantation, [Harvey Wish, ed., Capricorn Books, 1962], pp 82 - 83. Henderson cites Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, 1856. See his ref 23. Full text supplied by John Thorn, 6/25/2005. Also cited and discussed by Thomas L. Altherr, “There is Nothing Now Heard of, in Our Leisure Hours, But Ball, Ball, Ball,” The Cooperstown Symposium on Baseball and American Culture 1999 (McFarland, 2000), p. 190 +

1630c.3 +

Griffin, Emma, "Popular Recreation and the Significance of Space," (publication unknown), page 36. The original source is shown as the Crosfield Diary entry for March 1, 1633, page 63. Thanks to John Thorn for supplementing a draft of this entry. One citation for the diary is F. S. Boas, editor, The Diary of Thomas Crosfield (Oxford University Press, London, 1935). +

1648.1 +

Herrick, Robert, Hesperdes: or, the Works Both Human and Divine of Robert Herrick, Esq. [London], page 280, per David Block, Baseball Before We Knew It, page 171. +

1656.1 +

Source: 13: Doc Hist., Volume Iv, pp.13-15, and Father Jogues' papers in NY Hist. Soc. Coll., 1857, pp. 161-229, as cited in Manual of the Reformed Church in America (Formerly Ref. Prot. Dutch Church), 1628-1902, E. T. Corwin, D.D., Fourth Edition (Reformed Church in America, New York, 1902.) Provided by John Thorn, email of 2/1/2008. See also:Esther Singleton, Dutch New York (Dodd Mead, 1909), as cited in Thomas L. Altherr, “There is Nothing Now Heard of, in Our Leisure Hours, But Ball, Ball, Ball,” The Cooperstown Symposium on Baseball and American Culture 1999 (McFarland, 2000), pp. 190. [Pages ix and 202 and 302 in Singleton touch on "ball-playing" in this period.] +

1661.1 +

Galileo Galilei, Mathematical Collections and Translations. "Inglished from his original Italian copy by Thomas Salusbury" (London, 1661), page 142. Provided by David Block, emails of 2/27/2008 and 9/13/2015. +

1666.1 +

Bunyan, John, Grace abounding to the chief of sinners [London], per David Block, Baseball Before We Knew It, page 173. Autobiographical account by Bunyan, the author of The Pilgrim's Progress. David notes on 5/29/2005 that this reference was originally reported by Harold Peterson, but that Peterson had attributed it to Pilgrim's Progress itself. +

1672c.2 +

David Cram, Jeffrey L. Forgeng, and Dorothy Johnston, Francis Willughby's Book of Games: A Seventeenth Century Treatise on Sports, Games, and Pastimes [Ashgate Publishing, 2003]. See also L. McCray, "The Amazing Francis Willughby, and the Role of Stoolball in the Evolution of Baseball and Cricket," in Base Ball: A Journal of the Early Game, Volume 5, number 1 (Spring 2011), pages 17-20. +

1676.1 +

Dated November 13, 1676. Laws of the City of New York [Publication data?], page 27. +

1700.1 +

Thomas Moult, "The Story of the Game," in Moult, ed., Bat and Ball: A New Book of Cricket (The Sportsmans Book Club, London, 1960; reprinted from 1935), page 27. Moult does not further identify this publication. +

1700c.2 +

Samuel Barber, Boston Common: A Diary of Notable Events, Incidents and Neighboring Occurrences (Christopher Publishing, Boston, 1916 - Second Edition), page 47. +

1706.2 +

David Block, Baseball Before Knew It (U Nebraska Press, 2007), page 176. +

C

Cat-and-Dog +

John Brand, Observations on the Popular Antiquities of Great Britain: The Origins of Our Vulgar and Provincial Customs, Ceremonies and Superstitions (London: George Bell and Sons, 1900)., page 95. [In their account, Steel and Lyttelton put the distance at 13 yards. Cricket (Longmans, Green, 1890), page 4.] Alice. B. Gomme, The Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland (David Nutt, 1898), page 410. US play: New York Clipper, September 15, 1866. +

1

1844.1 +

"Baseball in '44," Wheeling (WV) Register, September 20, 1885, reprinted from the Bangor Whig, presumably from 1844. +

1788.2 +

Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It; see page 241. Altherr cites the diary as Webster, Noah, "Diary," reprinted in Notes on the Life of Noah Webster, E. E. F Ford, ed., (privately printed, New York, 1912), page 227 of volume 1. +

1713.1 +

Thomas, M. H., ed., The Diary of Samuel Sewell 1674 - 1729, Volume II, 1710 - 1729 (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1973), p. 718. Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball Before We Knew It, ref # 18. +

1725c.1 +

Diary of Samuel Sewall, in Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society (Published by the Society, Boston, 1882) Volume VII - Fifth Series, page 372. As cited by Thomas L. Altherr, “There is Nothing Now Heard of, in Our Leisure Hours, But Ball, Ball, Ball,” The Cooperstown Symposium on Baseball and American Culture 1999 (McFarland, 2000), p. 190. +

1733.1 +

The London Magazine, vol 2, December 1733 [London], page 637, per David Block, Baseball Before We Knew It, page 177-8. +

1744.1 +

[A] John Ford, Cricket: A Social History 1700-1835 [David and Charles, 1972], page 17. [B] Cashman, Richard, "Cricket," in David Levinson and Karen Christopher, Encyclopedia of World Sport: From Ancient Times to the Present [Oxford University Press, 1996], page 87. The rules are listed briefly at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1744_English_cricket_season">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1744_English_cricket_season</a> [as accessed 1/31/07]. The rules were written by a Committee under the patronage of "the cricket-mad Prince of Wales" -- Frederick, the son of George II. +

1744.2 +

Little Pretty Pocket-Book, Intended for the Instruction and Amusement of Little Master Tommy and Pretty Miss Polly [London, John Newbery, 1744]. Per Henderson ref 107, adding Newbery's name as publisher from text at p. 132. The earliest extant version of this book is from 1760 [per David Block]. +

E

English Base Ball +

David Block, Baseball Before We Knew It. David Block, Pastime Lost. +

1

1745c.1 +

David McCullough, John Adams [Touchstone Books, 2001], page 31. +

1747.1 +

Thomas Gray, <a id="n0u"></a><a></a>"Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College," lines 28-30. Accessed 12/29/2007 at <a href="http://www.thomasgray.org/">http://www.thomasgray.org</a>. +

1748.1 +

[A] Hervey, Lady (Mary Lepel), "Letters" (London, 1821), p.139 [Letter XLII, of November 14, 1748, from London]. Google Books now has uploaded the letters: search for "Lady Hervey." Letter 52 begins on page 137, and the baseball reference is on page 139. Accessed 12/29/2007. [B] David Block, Pastime Lost: The Humble, Original, and Now Completely Forgotten Game of English Baseball (University of Nebraska Press, 2019), pp 17 ff. +

1750s.2 +

Chalmers G. Davidson, Piedmont Partisan: The Life and Times of Brigadier-General William Lee Davidson (Davidson College, Davidson NC, 1951), page 20. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "Chucking the Old Apple: Recent Discoveries of Pre-1840 North American Ball Games," Base Ball, Volume 2, number 1 (Spring 2008), page 32. +

1750s.3 +

Base Ball Correspondence," Porter's Spirit of the Times, Volume 3, number 8 (October 24, 1857), page 117, column 2. The full text of the October 20 letter from "X" is on the VBBA website, as of 2008, at: <a href="http://www.vbba.org/ed-interp/1857x1.html">http://www.vbba.org/ed-interp/1857x1.html</a> +

1751.2 +

[A] John Ford, Cricket: A Social History 1700-1835 [David and Charles, 1972], page 17. Ford does not give a citation. [B] London Advertiser, March 26, 1751. +

1751.1 +

New YorkPost-Boy, 4/29/51. Per John Thorn, 6/15/04: John reports that the sources are multiple: clip from Chadwick Scrapbooks; see also, "the first recorded American cricket match per se was in New York in 1751 on the site of what is today the Fulton Fish Market in Manhattan. A team called New York played another described as the London XI 'according to the London method' - probably a reference to the 1744 Code which was more strict that the rules governing the contemporary game in England. Also, and dispositively, from Phelps-Stokes, I. N. Phelps Stokes, The Iconography of Manhattan Island, 1498-1909 : compiled from original sources (New York, Robert H. Dodd), 1922), Volume IV, page 628.Vol. VI, Index—ref. against Chronology and Chronology Addenda (Vol. 4A or 6A); [CRICKET] Match on Commons April 29, 1751; and finally, Phelps Stokes, V. 4, p. 628, 4/29/1751: "…this day, a great Cricket match is to be played on our commons, by a Company of Londoners against a Company of New-Yorkers. New-York Post-Boy, 4/29/51." The New Yorkers won by a total score of 167 to 80. New York Post-Boy, 5/6/51. This game is also treated by cricket historians Wisden [1866] and Lester [1951]. Also see New York Gazette, May 6, 1751, page 2, column 2, per George Thompson.. +

1755.3 +

The story of this 2006 find is told in Block, David, "The Story of William Bray's Diary," Base Ball, volume , no. 2 (Fall 2007), pp. 5-11. See also John Thorn's blog entry at <a href="http://ourgame.mlblogs.com/2013/09/05/the-story-of-william-brays-diary/">http://ourgame.mlblogs.com/2013/09/05/the-story-of-william-brays-diary/</a>. see also [[Sam_Marchiano_and_the_1755_Bray_Diary_Find]] for an interview with film-maker Sam Marciano, whose documentary Baseball Discovered led to this new find in 2005. +

1760s.1 +

Sidney Willard, Memories of Youth and Manhood [John Bartlett, Cambridge, 1855], volume 1, pp 31 and 316. Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball Before We Knew It, ref # 44. +

1762.2 +

December 13, 1768, The Essex Gazette (Salem, MA), Volume 1, Issue 20, p. 81. (“Following is an Extract of the By-Laws and ORDERS of the Town of Salem, of the 26th of July, A.D. 1762, approved by His Majesty’s Court of General Sessions of the Peace holden at said SALEM in the same month, and now published by Order of the Select-Men, viz.) (Detailed source received from Brian Turner, 8/31/2014.) +

B

Bat-and-Ball +

Brian Turner, "Bat and Ball: A Distinct Game or a Generic Term?", Base Ball Journal (Special Issue on Origins), Volume 5, number 1 (Spring 2011), pages 37-40. +

1

1771.2 +

"An Act to prevent and punish Disorders usually committed on the twenty-fifth Day of December . . . ," 23 December 1771, New Hampshire (Colony) Temporary Laws, 1773 (Portsmouth, NH), page 53. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball Before We Knew It, ref # 25. +

1771.1 +

Eleazar Wheelock, A Continuation of the Narrative [1771], as quoted in W. D. Quint, The Story of Dartmouth College (Little, Brown, Boston, 1914) , page 246. Submitted by Scott Meacham, 8/21/06. Dartmouth is in Hanover NH. +

1776.2 +

"Journal of Lieutenant Ebenezer Elmer, of the Third Regiment of New Jersey Troops in the Continental Service," Proceedings of the New Jersey Historical Society [1848], volume 1, number 1, pp. 26, 27, 30, and 31, and volume 3, number 2, pp.98. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It, ref # 29. +

1777.1 +

Sabine, William H. W., ed., "The New York Diary of Lieutenant Jabez Fitch of the 17th (Connecticut) Regiment from August 22, 1776 to December 15, 1777 [private printing, 1954], pp. 126, 127, and 162. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It; see p.237. +

1777.2 +

A Relic of the Revolution, Containing a Full and Particular Account of the Sufferings and Privations of All the American Prisoners Captured on the High Seas, and Carried to Plymouth, England, During the Revolution of 1776 [Charles S. Pierce, Boston, 1847], p. 109. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It [ref # 35]; see p. 237 +

1778.5 +

I. N. Phelps Stokes, The Iconography of Manhattan Island, 1498-1909 : compiled from original sources (New York, Robert H. Dodd), 1926), Volume V, page 1068. Phelps Stokes cites Royal Gazette, 6/13/1778 and that a later 1780 note that the cricket grounds were "where the late Reviews were, near the Jews Burying Ground" (Royal Gazette, 6/17/1780.) +

1778.3 +

Symmes, Rebecca D., ed., A Citizen Soldier in the American Revolution: The Diary of Benjamin Gilbert of Massachusetts and New York (New York State Historical Association, Cooperstown, 1980), pp. 30 and 49; and "Benjamin Gilbert Diaries 1782 - 1786," G372, NYS Historical Association Library, Cooperstown. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It, ref # 30. (See page 236.) +

1778.6 +

C. K. Boulton, ed., "A Fragment of the Diary of Lieutenant Enos Stevens, Tory, 1777-1778," New England Quarterly v. 11, number 2 (June 1938), pages 384-385, per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It, reference #33; see p. 337. Tom notes that the original journal is at the Vermont Historical Society in Montpelier VT. +

1778.4 +

[A] Ewing, G., The Military Journal of George Ewing (1754-1824), A Soldier of Valley Forge [Private Printing, Yonkers, 1928], pp 35 ["base"] and 47 [wicket]. Also found at John C. Fitzpatrick, The Writings of George Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources, 1745-1799. Volume: 11. [U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, 1931]. page 348. The text of Ewing's diary is unavailable at Google Books as of 11/17/2008. [B] From the website of Historic Valley Forge; see <a href="http://www.ushistory.org/valleyforge/youasked/067.htm">http://www.ushistory.org/valleyforge/youasked/067.htm</a>, accessed 10/25/02. Note: it is possible that the source of this material is the Ewing entry above, but we're hoping for more details from the Rangers at Valley Forge. In 2013, we're still hoping, but not as avidly. See also Thomas L. Altherr, “A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball: Baseball and Baseball-Type Games in the Colonial Era, Revolutionary War, and Early American Republic.." Nine, Volume 8, number 2 (2000)\, p. 15-49. Reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It – see page 236. +

1778.1 +

Coan, Marion, ed., "A Revolutionary Prison Diary: The Journal of Dr. Jonathan Haskins," New England Quarterly, volume 17, number 2 [June 1944], p. 308. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It, ref # 36; see pages 237-238. +

1780.10 +

John King Lord, A History of Dartmouth College 1815-1909 (Rumford Press, Concord NH, 1913), page 593. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "Chucking the Old Apple: Recent Discoveries of Pre-1840 North American Ball Games," Base Ball, Volume 2, number 1 (Spring 2008), page 35 and refs #38 through 40. See also Chron entry #[[1771.1]]. +

1779.5 +

Fitzpatrick, John C., ed., The Writings of George Washington from the Original Sources, 1745-1799, vol. 14 [USGPO, Washington, 1931], page 378. +

1779.4 +

Chase, E. P., ed., Our Revolutionary Forefathers: The Letters of Francois Marquis de Barbe-Marbois during his Residence in the United States as Secretary of the French Legation 1779 - 1785 (Duffield and Company, NY, 1929), p. 114. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," Nine, v. 8, no. 2, (2000); reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It; see pp. 236-237. +

1779.2 +

"Journal of Lt. Samuel Shute," in Frederick Cook, ed., Journals of the Military Expedition of Major General John Sullivan against the Six Nations of Indians in 1779 [Books for Libraries Press, Freeport NY, reprint of the 1885 edition], p. 268. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It, ref # 28. Also cited in Thomas L. Altherr, “There is Nothing Now Heard of, in Our Leisure Hours, But Ball, Ball, Ball,” The Cooperstown Symposium on Baseball and American Culture 1999 (McFarland, 2000), p. 194. On bandy: Alice Bertha Gomme, The Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Dover, 1964 (reprint: originally published in 1894), volume I. [Page not shone; listed games are presented alphabetically] +

1779.1 +

<table class="stats"> <tbody> <tr> <td> I. N. Phelps Stokes, The Iconography of Manhattan Island, 1498-1909 : compiled from original sources (New York, Robert H. Dodd), 1922), Volume IV, page 1092. </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> +

1779.3 +

Brown, Lloyd, and H. Peckham, eds., Revolutionary War Journals of Henry Dearborn 1775 - 1783 Books for Libraries Press, Freeport NY, 1969 (original edition 1939), pp 149 - 150. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It, ref # 1. The above account is found in Thomas L. Altherr, “There is Nothing Now Heard of, in Our Leisure Hours, But Ball, Ball, Ball,” The Cooperstown Symposium on Baseball and American Culture 1999 (McFarland, 2000), p. 193 +

1780.2 +

Royal Gazette, August 19, 1780, page 3 column 4; August 26, 1780, page 2 column 2; and September 6, 1780, page 3 column 4. Also cited in I. N. Phelps Stokes, The Iconography of Manhattan Island, 1498-1909 : compiled from original sources (New York, Robert H. Dodd), 1926), Volume V, page 1115. +

1780.1 +

<table class="stats"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="table_turner_container"> I. N. Phelps Stokes, The Iconography of Manhattan Island, 1498-1909 : compiled from original sources (New York, Robert H. Dodd), 1926), Volume V, page 1111, also citing New York Mercury, June 19, 1780. </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> +

1780c.7 +

Edmund Quincy, Josiah Quincy of Massachusetts (Fields, Osgood and Company, Boston, 1869), pages 24-25..Per Thomas L. Altherr, "Chucking the Old Apple: Recent Discoveries of Pre-1840 North American Ball Games," Base Ball, Volume 2, number 1 (Spring 2008), page 36. Accessed on 11/16/2008 via Google Books search for <life of josiah quincy>. Also cited in Per Thomas L. Altherr, "Chucking the Old Apple: Recent Discoveries of Pre-1840 North American Ball Games," Base Ball, Volume 2, number 1 (Spring 2008), page 36. +

1781.1 +

Hanna, John S., ed., A History of the Life and Services of Captain Samuel Dewees, A Native of Pennsylvania, and Soldier of the Revolutionary and Last Wars [Robert Neilson, Baltimore, 1844], p. 265- 266. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It, ref #37: see p. 238. For more on the ball-playing habits of the "Convention Army" of captured British soldiers from 1778 to 1781, see Brian Turner, "Sticks or Clubs: Ball Play Among the Route of Burgoyne's 'Convention Army,' Base Ball, volume 11 (2019), pp. 1-16. +

1781.3 +

Source: Harvard College Faculty Records (Volume IV, 1775-1781), call number UAIII 5.5.2, page 220 (1781). Posted to 19CBB by Kyle DeCicco-Carey [date?] +

1782c.2 +

Spear, John A., ed., "Joel Shepard Goes to War," New England Quarterly, volume 1, number 3 [July 1928], p. 344. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It, ref # 38; see page 239. +

1782.3 +

Stabler, Lois K., ed., Very Poor and of a Lo Make: The Journal of Abner Sanger (Peter E. Randall, Portsmouth NH, 1896), p. 416. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It; see page 245 and ref #77. This somewhat cryptic journal entry is for April 27, 1782. +

1784.1 +

RULES for the Good Government and Discipline of the SCHOOL in the UNIVERSITY of PENNSYLVANIA (Francis Bailey, Philadelphia PA, 1784). Per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It, p. 239 (ref #41.) +

1785.1 +

Thomas Jefferson [VA]. letter to Peter Carr, August 19, 1785, in Julian P. Boyd, ed., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson [Princeton University Press, 1953], volume 8, p. 407. Thomas L. Altherr, “A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball: Baseball and Baseball-Type Games in the Colonial Era, Revolutionary War, and Early American Republic.." Nine, Volume 8, number 2 (2000), p. 15-49. Reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It – see page 241. +

1786.1 +

Smith, John Rhea, March 22 1786, in "Journal at Nassau Hall," Princeton Library MSS, AM 12800. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball Before We Knew It, page 240 (ref # 45). Also found in Gerald S. Couzens, A Baseball Album [Lippincott and Crowell, NY, 1980], page 15. Per Guschov, page 153. +

1787.4 +

Thomas, Isaiah, publisher, The Royal Primer: or, An Easy and Pleasant Guide to the Art of Reading [Worcester], per David Block, Baseball Before We Knew It, page 179. +

1787.1 +

Quoted without apparent reference in Henderson, pp. 136-7. Sullivan, on 7/29/2005, cited Warnum L. Collins, "Princeton," page 208, per Harold Seymour's dissertation. Wallace quotes the faculty minute [November 26, 1787] in George R. Wallace, Princeton Sketches: The Story of Nassau Hall (Putnam's Sons, New York, 1894), page 77, but he does not cite Collins. The Wallace book was accessed 11/16/2008 via Google Book search for "'princeton sketches.'" The college is in Princeton NJ. +

1787.2 +

Levi Allen to Ira Allen, July 7, 1787, in John J. Duffy, ed., (University Press of New England, Hanover NH, 1998), volume 1, p. 224. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It; see page 245 and ref #78. +

1790s.1 +

Hancock, Harold B., ed., "William Morgan's Autobiography and Diary: Life in Sussex County, 1780 - 1857," Delaware History, volume 19, number 1 [Spring/Summer 1980], pp. 43 - 44. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball Before We Knew It, page 246 and ref # 84. +

1790s.2 +

Mason, Jonathan, "Recollections of a Septuagenarian," Downs Special Collection, Winterthur Library [Winterthur, Delaware], Document 30, volume 1, pp. 20 - 21. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball Before We Knew It, page 246 and ref # 85. +

1791.1 +

Per John Thorn: The History of Pittsfield (Berkshire County),Massachusetts, From the Year 1734 to the Year 1800. Compiled and Written, Under the General Direction of a Committee, by J. E. A. Smith. By Authority of the Town. [Lea and Shepard, 149 Washington Street, Boston, 1869], 446-447. The actual documents themselves repose in the Berkshire Athenaeum. +

1791.2 +

J. R. Trumbull, History of Northampton, Volume II (Northampton, 1902), page 529. Contributed by John Bowman, May 9, 2009. +

1793.1 +

See <a href="http://www.dartmouth.edu/%7Elibrary/Library_Bulletin/Nov1992/LB-N92-KCramer2.html">http://www.dartmouth.edu/~library/Library_Bulletin/Nov1992/LB-N92-KCramer2.html</a>; +

1795.5 +

W. Winterbotham, An Historical Geographical, Commercial, and Philosophical View of the American United States, Volume 3 (London, 1795), page 235. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "Chucking the Old Apple: Recent Discoveries of Pre-1840 North American Ball Games," Base Ball, Volume 2, number 1 (Spring 2008), page 30-31. Volume 3 of this work is not accessible via Google Books as of 11/15/2008. +

1795.1 +

By-Laws of the Town of Portsmouth, Passed at their Annual Meeting Held March 25, 1795 (John Melcher, Portsmouth), pp. 5 - 6. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It. See page 244 and ref #67. +

1795.4 +

Marr, Harriet Webster, The Old New England Academies Founded Before 1826 [Comet Press, New York, 1959], page 142. +

1796.2 +

Tarbox, Increase N., Diary of Thomas Robbins, D. D. 1796 - 1854 (Beacon Press, Boston, 1886), volume 1, pp. 8, 29, 32, 106, and 128. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It, (See page 241 and ref #55. The college is in Williamstown MA. He notes ballplaying later in Sheffield and Danbury CT +

1796.1 +

Gutsmuths Johann C. F., Spiele zur Uebung und Erholung des Korpers und Geistes fur die Jugend, ihre Erzieher und alle Freunde Unschuldiger Jugendfreuden [Schnepfenthal, Germany] per David Block, page 181.. This roughly translates as: Games for the Exercise and Recreation of Body and Spirit for the Youth and His Educator and All Friends of Innocent Joys of Youth. For Translated Text: David Block carries a four-page translation of this text in Appendix 7, pages 275-278, of Baseball Before We Knew It. +

1797.1 +

Webster, Daniel, Private Correspondence, Fletcher Webster, ed. [Little Brown, Boston 1857], volume 1, p. 66. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It, p. 240 (ref #46). On 7/31/2005, George Thompson added that "Volume 17, page 66 of the National Edition of his Writings and Speeches is supposed to have a reference by one Hotchkiss to Webster playing ball at Dartmouth." +

1797.2 +

Bye-Laws of Newburyport: Passed by the Town at Regular Meetings, and Approved by the Court of General Justice of the Peace for the County of Essex, Agreeably to a Law of this Commonwealth (Newburyport, 1797), p. 1. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It, page 244 and ref #68. +

1797.5 +

North-Carolina Minerva (March 11, 1797), excerpted in G. Johnson, Ante-Bellum North Carolina: A Social History (Chapel Hill NC, 1937), page 551; as cited in Thomas L. Altherr, "Chucking the Old Apple: Recent Discoveries of Pre-1840 North American Ball Games," Base Ball, Volume 2, number 1 (Spring 2008), page 29. +

1816c.11 +

Austen, Jane, Northanger Abbey and Persuasion, (London, 1818), John Murray, Vol. I, p. 7. +

1799.1 +

Cooke, Cassandra, Battleridge" an Historical tale, Founded on facts. In Two Volumes. By a Lady of Quality (G. Cawthorn, London, 1799). +

1800c.1 +

Cunningham, Frank H., Familiar Sketches of the Phillips Exeter Academy and Surroundings (James R. Osgood and Company, Boston, 1883), p. 281. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It; see page 245 and ref # 79. +

1799.3 +

Mercantile Advertiser, August 3, 1799, page 2, column 3. Weekly Museum, April 19, 1800, Vol. 12, No. 27. page 2. +

1801.3 +

Youthful Sports[London], pp 47-48., per David Block, page 184. An 1802 version of this book, published in Baltimore, is similar to the chapbook at #[[1801.2]], but does not include trap-ball. +

1802c.1 +

Drayton, John, A View of South-Carolina, As Respects Her Natural and Civil Concerns [W. P. Young, Charleston SC, 1854], p. 88. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It, page 247 ref #87. +

1803.1 +

[Playter, Ely], "Extracts from Ely Playter's Diary, April 13, 1803," reprinted in Edith G. Firth, ed., The Town of York 1793 - 1815: A Collection of Documents of Early Toronto (The Champlain Society, Toronto, 1962), p. 248. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It, page 247 and ref #89. +

1803.4 +

"Of the location of Students, Damages, and Glass," in Laws of Middlebury-College in Midlebury [sic] in Vermont, Enacted by the President and Fellows, the 17th Day of August, 1803, page 14. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "Chucking the Old Apple: Recent Discoveries of Pre-1840 North American Ball Games," Base Ball, Volume 2, number 1 (Spring 2008), page 35 and ref #37. +

1805.2 +

[A] By Laws of the Town of Portland, in the County of Cumberland, 2nd Edition (John McKown, Portland, 1805), p. 15. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball" (2000), reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It, see p. 244 and note #70. [B] By-Laws of the Town of Portland, (Adams and Paine, printers, 1824). +

1805.8 +

Benjamin Silliman, Journal of Travels in England, Holland, and Scotland, Volume 1 (Boston, 1812 - 1st edition 1810), page 245. Accessed via Google Books, 2/12/2014 via search of <Silliman "journal of travels">. +

1805c.7 +

Reminiscences, Moral Poems, and Translations (Exeter NH, 1824), pages 144-146. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "Chucking the Old Apple: Recent Discoveries of Pre-1840 North American Ball Games," Base <, Volume 2, number 1 (Spring 2008), page 41. The poetry, dedicated to the Principal of Phillips Exeter Academy, was accessed 11/17/2008 via Google Books search <fellowes moral>." +

1805.1 +

The Laws of Williams College (H. Willard, Stockbridge, 1805), p. 40. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It, p.239; ref #42. +

1805.4 +

New York Evening Post, April 13, 1805, page 3 column 1. Submitted by George Thompson, 8/2/2005. George Thompson has elaborated on this singular find at George Thompson, "An Enigmatic 1805 "Game of Bace" in New York," Base Ball Journal (Special Issue on Origins), Volume 5, number 1 (Spring 2011), pages 55-57. Our Game blog, Feb. 27, 2024. The game was played on Hudson Square. +

1805.6 +

Edward Hooker, Diaries, 1805-1830: MS 72876 and 72877, Connecticut Historical Society, Hartford CT; per Thomas L. Altherr, "Chucking the Old Apple: Recent Discoveries of Pre-1840 North American Ball Games," Base Ball, Volume 2, number 1 (Spring 2008), pages 29-30. Tom [ibid, page 29] describes Hooker as a recent Yale graduate who in 1805 was a newly-arrived tutor in Columbia, SC. +

1806.4 +

Increase Tarbox, ed., The Diary of Thomas Robbins, D.D. 1796-1854, Volume 1 (Boston, 1886) pages 285 and 287. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "Chucking the Old Apple: Recent Discoveries of Pre-1840 North American Ball Games," Base Ball, Volume 2, number 1 (Spring 2008), page 32. +

1806.1 +

English, Clara, The Children in the Wood, an Instructive Tale [Warner and Hanna, Baltimore, 1806], p. 29. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It, See page 241 and ref #57. +

1806.2 +

Gilbert, Ann, Original Poems, for Infant Minds, 2 volumes (Kimber, Conrad, Philadelphia, 1806), vol. 2, page 120; Citation from Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It, see page 242. +

1807.3 +

Barry, Garrett, "On Leaving College," in Poems, on Several Occasions (Cole and Co., Baltimore, 1807), no page given: Citation from Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball Before We Knew It, see pages 240. +

1807.1 +

The Prize for Youthful Obedience (Jacob Johnson, Philadelphia, 1807), part II, page 16. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It, see page 242-3 and ref # 60. Note: This book is an American edition book earlier published in London see #[[1800.6]] above. +

1810.3 +

Youthful Recreations (Jacob Johnson, Philadelphia, 1810), no pagination. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It, see page 243 and ref # 63. +

1810c.4 +

The [Union College] Concordiensis, Volume VI, number 8 (May 1883). page 203. Cited as a game 'on the old West College playground' in Somers, Wayne, Encyclopedia of Union College History [Union College Press, Schenectady NY, 2003], page 89. +

1810.2 +

Youthful Amusements (Johnson and Warner, Philadelphia, 1810), pp. 37 and 40. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It, see page 243 and ref #62. The same text later appeared in Remarks on Children's Play (Samuel Wood and Sons, New York, 1819), p. 32. Per Altherr ref #64 in Block. This book describes thirty games and includes an engraving of trap-ball. +

1810c.1 +

Les Jeux des Jeunes Garcons [Paris, c.1810]. Per Robert Henderson. Note: David Block's Baseball Before We Knew It, at page 186-187, dates this book at 1815, some of the doubt perhaps arising from the fact that the earliest [undated?] extant copy is a fourth edition. +

1810s.5 +

William Croswell, letter drafted to the Harvard Corporation, December 1827. Papers of William Croswell, Call number HUG 1306.5, Harvard University Archives. Supplied by Kyle DeCicco-Carey, 8/8/2007. +

1811.1 +

The Book of Games; Or, a History of the Juvenile Sports Practiced at Kingston Academy (Johnson and Warner, Philadelphia, 1811), pp. 15 - 20. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It, page 243 and ref #64. +

1811.5 +

Crosbie, Laurence M., The Phillips Exeter Academy: A History [1923], page 233. Submitted by George Thompson, 8/2/2005. Crosbie does not, evidently, give a citation for Packard. +

1811.3 +

New York Evening Post, September 13, 1811, page 3 column 3. Submitted by George Thompson 8/2/2005. New York Evening Post, September 16, 1811, page 3 column 3. Submitted by George Thompson, 8/2/2005. New York Evening Post, September 20, 1811, page 3 column 3. Submitted by George Thompson, 8/2/2005. [This third cite is also found in Thomas L. Altherr, “A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball: Baseball and Baseball-Type Games in the Colonial Era, Revolutionary War, and Early American Republic.." Nine, Volume 8, number 2 (2000), p. 15-49. Reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It – see page 247 and ref #90.] +

1812c.1 +

Letter from Neal Brown, July 15, 1867, in Johnson Mss., Vol. 116, No. 16,106.[Publisher?] +

1815c.2 +

"Massacre of the 6th of April," American Watchman, June 24, 1815. Accessed via subscription search, 2/14/2009. Other Accounts: <ol> <li>"The Judicial Report of the Massacre at Dartmoor Prison," in John Melish, "Description of Dartmor Prison, with an Account of the Massacre of the Prisoners" (Philadelphia, J.Bioren, 1816) Per Altherr, ref #97. </li> <li>[Waterhouse, Benjamin], A Journal of a Young Man of Massachusetts, Late a Surgeon on Board an American Privateer, Who Was Captured at Sea by the British in May, Eighteen Hundred and Thirteen, and Was Confined First, at Melville Island, Halifax, then at Chatham, on England, and Last, at Dartmoor Prison (Rowe and Hooper, Boston, 1816), p. 186. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball Before We Knew It, pages 247-249 and ref #92.</li> <li>"Journal of Nathaniel Pierce of Newburyport [MA], Kept at Dartmoor Prison, 1814 - 1815," Historical Collections of Essex Institute, volume 73, number 1 [January 1937], p. 40. Per Altherr's refs #91 - #98.</li> <li>[Andrews, Charles] The Prisoner's Memoirs, or Dartmoor Prison (private printing, NYC, 1852), p.110. Per Altherr's refs #93 and 95.</li> <li>[Valpey, Joseph], Journal of Joseph Valpey, Jr. of Salem, November 1813- April 1815 (Michigan Society of Colonial Wars, Detroit, 1922), p. 60. Per Altherr's ref #96.</li> <li>Herbert A. Kenny, Cape Ann: Cape America (J. B. Lippincott, 1971), pp. 83-4. (From The Centennial Address of Dr. Lemuel) See excerpt at Supplemental Text, below.</li> </ol>

1815c.5 +

"W. Heywood, ed., Autobiography of Adin Ballou (Vox Populi Press, Lowell MA, 1896), page 13. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "Chucking the Old Apple: Recent Discoveries of Pre-1840 North American Ball Games," Base Ball, Volume 2, number 1 (Spring 2008), page 30. The autobiography was accessed 11/15/2008 via a Google Books search for "adin ballou." +

1816.1 +

Otsego Herald, number 1107, June 6, 1816, p. 3. The Herald carried the same notice on June 13, page 3. Per Thomas L. Altherr, “A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball: Baseball and Baseball-Type Games in the Colonial Era, Revolutionary War, and Early American Republic.." Nine, Volume 8, number 2 (2000), p. 15-49. Reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It – see page 245 and ref #75. +

1816.2 +

Worcester, MA Town Records, May 6, 1816; reprinted in Franklin P. Rice, ed., Worcester Town Records, 1801 - 1816, volume X (Worcester Society of Antiquity, 1891), p. 337. Also appears in Henderson, p. 150 [No ref given], and in Thomas L. Altherr, “A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball: Baseball and Baseball-Type Games in the Colonial Era, Revolutionary War, and Early American Republic.." Nine, Volume 8, number 2 (2000), p. 15-49. Reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It – see page 244 and ref #72. +

1816.8 +

Laws and Ordinances of the Mayor, Aldermen, and Commonality, of the City of Troy. Passed the Ninth Day of December, 1816 (Parker and Bliss, Troy, 1816), page 42. Citation from Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It, page 244 and ref #71. +

1817.3 +

"A law relative to the Park, Battery, and Bowling-Green," in Laws and Ordinances Ordained and Established by the Mayor, Aldermen, and Commonality of the City of New York (T. and J. Swords, New York, 1817), page 118. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It, page 245 and ref #74. +

1817.4 +

Of Misdemeanors and Criminal Offences, in Laws of Bowdoin College (E. Goodale, Hallowell ME, 1817), page 12. Citation from Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It, page 239. +

1818.4 +

Bailey, Bob, "Beginnings; From Amateur Teams to Disgrace in the National League," [1999], page 1. Bob (email, 1/27/2013), further quotes Dean Sullivan's master's thesis, Ball-oriented Sport in a Southern City: A Study of the Organizational Evolution of Baseball in Louisville (George Mason University): "Ball-oriented sports had been reported in Kentucky as early as 1818, when travelers stumbled upon a primitive game of cricket." +

1818c.5 +

John Woods, Two Years Residence on the Settlement of the English Prairie, in the Illinois Country (Longman & Co., London, 1822), pp. 148 and 295-296. See also: Thomas L. Altherr, “Chucking the Old Apple: Recent Discoveries of Pre-1840 North American Ball Games, Base Ball, v. 2, no. 1 (Spring 2008), pages 32-33. Note: Tom's account includes the same quotes, but attributes them to the British lawyer Adlard Welby, and sets them in 1820. +

1820s.12 +

Paine, Albert Ware, "Auto-Biography," reprinted in Lydia Augusta Paine Carter, The Discovery of a Grandmother (Henry H. Carter, Newton MA, 1920), p. 240. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It; see p. 245 and ref #80. +

1820.1 +

Children's Amusements, [New York, Samuel Wood, 1820], p. 9. +

1820s.22 +

Keyes Danforth, Boyhood Reminiscences: Pictures of New England in the Olden Times in Williamstown (Gazlay Brothers, New York, 1895), page 12. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "Chucking the Old Apple: Recent Discoveries of Pre-1840 North American Ball Games," Base Ball, Volume 2, number 1 (Spring 2008), page 38. The book was accessed 11/16/2008 via Google Books search <pictures of new>." +

1820c.27 +

Charles Haswell, Reminiscences of an Octogenarian of the City of New York (1816 to 1860) (Harper and Brothers, New York, 1896), pages 81-82. Citation supplied by John Thorn, email of 2/3/2008. Accessed 2/4/10 via Google Books search <octogenarian 1816>. Discussed in John Thorn, Baseball in the Garden of Eden: The Secret History of the Early Game (Simon and Shuster, 2011), p. 62. For a 2009 discussion of available knowledge about US baseball history prior to the Knickerbockers, see John Thorn, "Origins of the New York Game," Base Ball: A Journal of the Early Game, vol. 3, no. 21 (Fall 2009), pp. 105-125. +

1820s.18 +

"Editor's Table," The Knickerbocker (S. Hueston, New York, 1850), page 298. Contributed by David Block 2/27/2008. +

1820s.9 +

Delaney, ed., Life in the Connecticut River Valley 1800 - 1840 from the Recollections of John Howard Redfield (Connecticut River Museum, Essex CT, 1988), p. 35. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It, pp. 246-247 and ref #86. +

1820c.26 +

Charles H. Haswell, Reminiscences of An Octogenarian of the City of New York (1816 to 1860) (Harper & Brothers, New York, 1897), page 77. Accessed 2/2/2010 via Google Books search <haswell octogenarian>. See also Thomas L. Altherr, “A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball: Baseball and Baseball-Type Games in the Colonial Era, Revolutionary War, and Early American Republic.." Nine, Volume 8, number 2 (2000), p. 15-49. Reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It – see page 245 and ref #81. +

1820s.21 +

Harriet Raymond Lloyd, ed., Life and Letters of John Howard Raymond, Late President of Vassar College (Ford, Howard and Hulbert, New York, 1881), page 38. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "Chucking the Old Apple: Recent Discoveries of Pre-1840 North American Ball Games," Base Ball, Volume 2, number 1 (Spring 2008), page 34. Accessed 11/16/2008 via Google Books search for <john howard raymond>. Raymond, born in New York in 1814, summered as a boy in Norwalk CT. +

1820s.20 +

Horace Greeley, Recollections of a Busy Life (J. B. Ford, New York, 1869), page 117. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "Chucking the Old Apple: Recent Discoveries of Pre-1840 North American Ball Games," Base Ball, Volume 2, number 1 (Spring 2008), page 30. This book was accessed 11/15/2008 via Google Books search "greeley recollections owen." +

1821.2 +

Charleston Southern Patriot, January 23, 1821, per Holliman, American Sport 1785 - 1835, page 68. +

1821.5 +

June 9, 1821 New York Gazette and General Advertiser See also Richard Hershberger, "New York Mansion Converted -- An Early Sighting of Base Ball Clubs?," Base Ball Journal, Volume 5, number 1 (Special Issue on Origins), pages 58-60. +

1823c.4 +

Carter, L. A., The Discovery of a Grandmother [H. H. Carter, Newtonville MA, 1920], pp 239-240. Per Seymour, Harold - Notes in the Seymour Collection at Cornell University, Kroch Library Department of Rare and Manuscript Collections, collection 4809. From this note, the excerpts appear to be from a journal kept in 1835-1836 by Albert Ware Paine, born 1813. Note: This item needs to be reconciled with #[[1820s.12]] above. +

1823.6 +

[A] Forbes was writing his recollections in 1884, as reported in Letters and Recollections of John Murray Forbes, Sarah Forbes Hughes, editor [Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 1899], vol. 1, page 43. [B] Shattuck is quoted in Edward M. Hartwell, Physical Training in American Colleges and Universities [GPO, 1886], page 22. [C] Primary source: Carl Beck, Treatise on Gymnastics Taken Chiefly from the German of F. L. Jahn (Northampton, Mass., 1828). +

1823c.9 +

Cassius Marcellus Clay, The Life of Cassius Marcellus Clay; Memoirs, Writings and Speeches, Volume 1 (Brennan and Co., Cincinnati, 1886), page 35. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "Chucking the Old Apple: Recent Discoveries of Pre-1840 North American Ball Games," Base Ball, Volume 2, number 1 (Spring 2008), page 31. Raised in Nelson Counrty +

1823.1 +

National Advocate, April 25, 1823, page 2, column 4. This find is discussed by its modern discoverer George Thompson, in George A. Thompson, Jr., "New York Baseball, 1823," The National Pastime 2001], pp 6 - 8. +

1824c.3 +

[A] Mitford, Mary Russell, Our Village [London, R. Gilbert], per David Block, Baseball before We Knew It, page 191. Block notes that this was published in New York in 1828, and Tom Altherr [email of April 2, 2009] adds that Philadelphia editions appeared in 1835 and 1841. [B] Bateman, Anthony,"'More Mighty than the Bat, the Pen . . . ;' Culture,, Hegemony, and the Literaturisaton of Cricket," Sport in History, v. 23, 1 (Summer 2003), page 34. +

1824.6 +

Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., "Cinders from the Ashes," The Works of Oliver Wendel Holmes Volume 8 (Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 1892), page 251. He went on to recollect visiting the school in 1867, when he "sauntered until we came to a broken field where there was quarrying and digging going on, our old base-ball ground." Ibid, page 255. This essay originally appeared in The Atlantic Monthly Volume 23 (January 1869). page 120. +

1824.1 +

Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, letter to his father Stephen Longfellow, April 11, 1824, in Samuel Longfellow, ed., Life of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow with Extracts from His Journals and Correspondence [Ticknor and Company, Boston 1886],volume 1, p. 51. Per Seymour, Harold - Notes in the Seymour Collection at Cornell University, Kroch Library Department of Rare and Manuscript Collections, collection 4809. Also cited in Thomas L. Altherr, “There is Nothing Now Heard of, in Our Leisure Hours, But Ball, Ball, Ball,” The Cooperstown Symposium on Baseball and American Culture 1999 (McFarland, 2000), p. 187. Reprinted in Andrew Hilen, ed., Henry Wadsworth Longefellow, the Letters of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, vol. 1 1814 - 1836 [Harvard University Press, 1966], page 87. Submitted by George Thompson, 7/31/2005. +

1825c.1 +

Weed, Thurlow, Life of Thurlow Weed [Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 1883], volume 1, p. 203. Per Robert Henderson ref #159. Samuel Hopkins Adams, Grandfather Stories (Random House, 1955 -- orig pub'd 1947), 146-149. +

1825.2 +

Delaware Gazette, July 12, 1825, reprinted in Dean A. Sullivan, Compiler and Editor, Early Innings: A Documentary History of Baseball, 1825 - 1908 [University of Nebraska Press, 1995], pp. 1 - 2. +

1827.2 +

Samuel Hopkins Adams, "Baseball in Mumford's Pasture Lot," Grandfather Stories (Random House, New York, 1947), pp. 143 - 156. Full text is unavailable via Google Books as of 12/4/2008. +

1827.7 +

Nathaniel Moore, "Diaries 1827-1828," Manuscript Division, New York Public Library, 106-L-1, May 26, 1827. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "Chucking the Old Apple: Recent Discoveries of Pre-1840 North American Ball Games," Base Ball, Volume 2, number 1 (Spring 2008), page 36 and ref #45. +

1827.1 +

"The Diary of Williams Latham, 1823 - 1827," quoted in W. C. Bronson, The History of Brown University 1764 - 1914 (Providence, Brown University, 1914), p. 245. Per Henderson, Bat, Ball, and Bishop (Rockport Press, 1947), p.147, ref # 101. See also Thomas L. Altherr, “A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball: Baseball and Baseball-Type Games in the Colonial Era, Revolutionary War, and Early American Republic.." Nine, Volume 8, number 2 (2000), p. 15-49. Reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It – see page 240; Cited in Peterson, "The Man Who Invented Baseball," p. 10-12 (1939) +

1828.13 +

Reported by Tom Altherr, "Some Findings on Bass Ball," Originals, February 2010. This story was reprinted as "The Gipsy Girl," in The Cabinet Annual: A Christmas and New Year's Gift for 1855 (E. H. Butler, Philadelphia, 1855) page 93ff: +

1828.2 +

Anderson, Will, Was Baseball Really Invented in Maine? (private printing, Portland, 1992), p. 1. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It, see page 244 and ref #71. +

1828c.3 +

[A] Letter from Frederick L. Rath, Jr, to the Editor of the New York Times, October 5, 1990. [B] Oneonta Star, July 9. 1965, citing Samuel V. Kennedy, Samuel Hopkins Adams and the Business of Writing (Syracuse University Press, 1999), page 284. [C] Bill Beeny, Rochester Democrat and Chronicle, March 17, 1965. +

1828.1 +

Clarke, W., Boy's Own Book (London, Vizetelly Branston), 1828: second edition. This book is reportedly still available (Appleton Books, 1996), according to Tim Wiles at the Giamatti Research Library. Note: Tom Altherr uses a reference to an 1829 US version: The Boy's Own Book (Munroe and Francis, Boston, 1829), pp. 18-19, per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball Before We Knew It, (Nebraska, 2005), pp. 229ff. . +

1825.16 +

From "Jack Hatch," taken from the Village Sketches of Mary Russell Mitford, The Albion: A Journal of News, Politics, and Literature September 9 1828, volume 7, page 65. +

1829c.1 +

Krout, John A, Annals of American Sport (Yale University Press, New Haven, 1929), p. 115. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It, p. 240, ref 49. Richard Hershberger, posting to 19CBB on 10/8/2007, found an earlier source - Caylor, O. P., "Early Baseball Days," Washington Post, April 11, 1896. John Thorn reports [email of 2/15/2008] that Holmes biographies do not mention his sporting interests. Note: We still need the original source for the famous Harvard story. Holmes graduated in 1829; the date of play is unconfirmed. See entry #[[1824.6 ]] above on Holmes' reference to prep school baseball at Phillips Academy. +

1829.3 +

Robert Metdorf, ed., An Autobiographical Sketch (1815-1842) (Shoe String Press, Hamden CT, 1953), pages 51-52. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "Chucking the Old Apple: Recent Discoveries of Pre-1840 North American Ball Games," Base Ball, Volume 2, number 1 (Spring 2008), page 38. The text of the autobiography is unavailable via Google Books as of 11/16/2008. +

1829.2 +

Henry Sargent Letter to the Mills Commission, June 25, 1905. +

1800s.11 +

"The Grinding Organ," in Ladies Magazine (Putnam and Hunt, Boston, 1829), page 379. Posted to the 19CBB listserve February 17, 2010, by Hugh MacDougall. Accessed 2/18/2010 via Google Books search ("swiss or savoyard" "bonny doon"). +

1830.4 +

Cited in Peterson, "The Man Who Invented Baseball," p. 10 (1939) +

1830c.27 +

J. E. A. Smith, The History of Pittsfield From the Year 1800 to the Year 1876 (C. W. Bryan & Co., Springfield MA, 1876), pp 401-402. Accessed 2/5/2010 via Google Books search <history pittsfield 1876>. +

1830s.22 +

Source: Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Cheerful Yesterdays (Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 1898). Per Thomas L. Altherr, "Chucking the Old Apple: Recent Discoveries of Pre-1840 North American Ball Games," Base Ball, Volume 2, number 1 (Spring 2008), pages 33-34 and ref #29. Accessed 11/16/2008 via Google Books search for <cheerful yesterdays>. +

1830s.19 +

A. Andrews, ed., Christopher C. Andrews: Recollections: 1829-1922 (Arthur H. Clark, Cleveland, 1928), page 25. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "Chucking the Old Apple: Recent Discoveries of Pre-1840 North American Ball Games," Base Ball, Volume 2, number 1 (Spring 2008), page 30. Tom notes that Andrews lived in the Upper Village of Hillsboro NH. The text of the Andrews book is not accessible via Google Books as of 11/15/2008. +

1830s.5 +

Letter from Thomas Day Seymour to "My dear Kinsman" from New Haven CT, April 25, 1905. Reproduced in "The Game of Wicket and Some Old-Time Wicket Players," in George Dudley Seymour, Papers and Addresses of the Society of Colonial Wars in the State of Connecticut, Volume II of the Proceedings of the Society, (n. p., 1909.) page 289. +

1830s.21 +

James L. Vallandigham, A Life of Clement L. Vallandigham (Turnbell Brothers, Baltimore, 1872), page 10. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "Chucking the Old Apple: Recent Discoveries of Pre-1840 North American Ball Games," Base Ball, Volume 2, number 1 (Spring 2008), page 32. Clement Vallandigham was born in 1820 in Lisbon OH and grew up there. The biography, barren for our purposes was accessed 11/15/2008 via a "life of clement" Google Books search. +

1830s.12 +

Samuel M. Welch, Home History: Recollections of Buffalo During the Decade from 1830 to 1840, or Fifty Years Since [P. Paul and bro., Buffalo, 1890], pages 112 and 220. Submitted by John Thorn 9/13/2006. Also see Thomas L. Altherr, "Chucking the Old Apple: Recent Discoveries of Pre-1840 North American Ball Games," Base Ball, Volume 2, number 1 (Spring 2008), page 38. +

1830s.16 +

Douglas L. Wilson and Rodney O. Davis, eds., Herndon's Informants: Letters, Interviews, and Statements About Abraham Lincoln (U Illinois Press, 1998), page 451. See also Beveridge, Albert J., Abraham Lincoln, 1809-1858 (Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1928), Volume I, page 298. The author provides source for this info as: "James Gourley's" statement, later established as 1866. Weik MSS. Per John Thorn, 7/9/04. +

1830c.26 +

William T. Davis, Plymouth Memories of an Octogenarian (Memorial Press, Plymouth MA, 1906), page 104. Accessed 2/5/10 via Google Books search (plymouth octogenarian). Plymouth MA is about 35 miles SE of Boston on Cape Cod Bay. +

1830s.15 +

Welch, Samuel L., Home History. Recollections of Buffalo during the Decade from 1830 to 1840, or Fifty Years Since (Peter Paul and Brother, Buffalo, 1891), page 353 and page 220, respectively. [Text unavailable via Google Books as of 11/16/2008.] See also Thomas L. Altherr, “A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball: Baseball and Baseball-Type Games in the Colonial Era, Revolutionary War, and Early American Republic.." Nine, Volume 8, number 2 (2000), p. 15-49. Reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It – see pages 245-6, and ref #82. +

1830s.20 +

Jessie Pearl Rice, J. L. M. Curry: Southerner, Statesman, and Educator (King's Crown Press, New York, 1949), pages 6-7. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "Chucking the Old Apple: Recent Discoveries of Pre-1840 North American Ball Games," Base Ball, Volume 2, number 1 (Spring 2008), pages 31-32. The full text of the Rice biography is unavailable via Google Books as of 11/15/2008. +

1830c.7 +

T. King, Letter to the Mills Commission, November 24, 1905. +

1831.4 +

Florence M. Kingsley, The Life of Henry Fowle Durant: Founder of Wellesley College (The Century Co., New York, 1924), page 28. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "Chucking the Old Apple: Recent Discoveries of Pre-1840 North American Ball Games," Base Ball, Volume 2, number 1 (Spring 2008), page 38. Incomplete access to text of the biography via Google Books search <fowle durant>. Hanover NH is in the middle of nowhere . . . well, no, it's somewhere. +

1831.1 +

[Orem, Preston D., Baseball (1845-1881) From the Newspaper Accounts(self-published, Altadena CA, 1961), page 4.] Constitution of the Olympic Ball Club of Philadelphia [private printing, 1838]. Parts reprinted in Dean A. Sullivan, Compiler and Editor, Early Innings: A Documentary History of Baseball, 1825-1908 [University of Nebraska Press, 1995], pp. 5-8. Richard Hershberger, "A Reconstruction of Philadelphia Town Ball," Base Ball, Volume 1 number 2 (Fall 2007), pp. 28-43. Online as of 2017 at: https://ourgame.mlblogs.com/a-reconstruction-of-philadelphia-town-ball-f3a80d283c07#.blta7cw82 For a little more on the game of town ball, see http://protoball.org/Town_Ball. +

1832c.2 +

William Wood, Manual of Physical Exercises. (Harper Bros., 1867), pp. 189-90. Per John Thorn, 6/15/04. Note: Wood provides no source. Reported in Thorn, Baseball in the Garden of Eden (Simon and Schuster, 2011), pages 32 and 307. +

1832.3 +

Mary's Book of Sports. With Beautiful Pictures [S. Babcock, New Haven CT, 1832]. +

1832.4 +

William Johnson; or, The Village Boy (New Haven, S. Babcock) per David Block, Baseball Before We Knew It, page 195. +

1832.5 +

The Child's Own Book (Boston, Munroe and Francis, 1832), cited by Block, Baseball Before We Knew It, page 195. +

1833.11 +

Increase N. Tarbox, ed., Diary of Thomas Robbins, D.D. 1796-1854, Volume 2 (Beacon Press, Boston, 1887), pages 163, 302, and 527. Accessed 11/15/2008 via a Google Books "'robbins d. d.' diary" search. Searches of the text for cricket, wicket, and round-ball are unfruitful. +

1833.10 +

Richardson (TX) Echo, July 15, 1949 +

1833.4 +

The Picture Exhibition [New Haven, S. Babcock], per David Block, Baseball Before We Knew It, page 195. The reused woodcut is from Mary's Book of Sports see[[1832.3]] entry, above). Block does not mention any text relating to ball play. +

1833.3 +

Maxwell, William, The Field Book: or, Sports and Pastimes of the British Islands [London, Effingham Wilson], per David Block, Baseball Before We Knew It, page 195. +

1833c.12 +

[A] John Shiffert, Base Ball in Philadelphia (McFarland, 2006), page 17. [B] Richard Hershberger, "In the Beginning-- Olympics vs. Camden", Inventing Baseball: The 100 Greatest Games of the 19th Century (SABR, 2013), pp. 1-2. +

1833.8 +

Watts' Divine and Moral Songs - For the Use of Children [New York, Mahlon Day, 374 Pearl Street, 1836], page 15. Accessed at the "Origins of Baseball" file at the Giamatti Center in Cooperstown. David Block, (see Baseball Before We Knew It, page 196), has found an 1833 edition. +

1834.8 +

Rhode Island Republican, vol. 25, number 3 (March 26, 1834), page 3, column 2. Provided by Craig Waff, 8/29/2007 email. The identical story appeared in the New York Sun, March 19, 1834, page 3 - per EBay sale accessed 6/12/2007. +

1835c.11 +

Happy Home [New York and Philadelphia, Turner and Fisher, ca 1835], per David Block, Baseball Before We Knew It, page 199. +

1835.6 +

Also cited by David Block, Baseball Before We Knew It, page 199. +

1835.1 +

For Text: David Block carries a page of text, and the field diagram, in Appendix 7, pages 282-283, of Baseball Before We Knew It. The text for "Base, or Goal Ball" appears in Preston Oren, Baseball (1845-1881) From the Newspaper Accounts (P. Oren, Altadena CA, 1961), pages 2-3. +

1835c.15 +

"Local Items," Trenton State Gazette, August 16, 1853. Accessed via subscription search May 20, 2009. +

1836.5 +

[A] David Block, Pastime Lost (University of Nebraska Press, 2019), page 237. Block sites Brian Turner, Cogswell's Bat, pp 65-66 (source needed). [B] Sarah Forbes Hughes, ed., Letters (Supplementary) of John Murray Forbes [George H. Ellis Co., Boston, 1905] volume 1, page 25. [C] Sarah Forbes Hughes, ed., Letters and Recollections of John Murray Forbes [Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 1899] volume 1, page 86. Submitted by John Bowman, 7/16/2004 and supplemented by Brian Turner, 7/23/2013. +

1836.6 +

Cited in Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball Before We Knew It, see page 241, cited as follows: Georgetown Student Letter, August 27, 1836, quoted in Betty Spears and Richard Swanson, History of Sport and Physical Activity in the United States, Second Edition (William C. Brown, Dubuque, 1983), page 85. +

1837.8 +

Indiana Journal, May 13, 1837. +

1837.1 +

Brown, Randall, "How Baseball Began, National Pastime, 24 [2004], pp 51-54. Brown's article is based on the newly-discovered "How Baseball Began - A Member of the Gotham Club of Fifty Years Ago Tells About It, San Francisco Daily Examiner, November 27, 1887, page 14. See also: Randall Brown, "The Evolution of the New York Game," Base Ball Journal, Volume 5, number 1 (Special Issue on Origins), pages 81-84. +

1837.6 +

Constitution of the Olympic Ball Club of Philadelphia [Philadelphia, John Clark], per David Block, Baseball Before We Knew It, page 223. Dean A. Sullivan, Compiler and Editor, Early Innings: A Documentary History of Baseball, 1825 - 1908 [University of Nebraska Press, 1995], pp. 5-8. +

1837.9 +

New York Herald (April 26, 1837), page? Posted to 19CBB by John Thorn, 10/27/2008. +

1837.2 +

Female Robinson Crusoe, A Tale of the American Wilderness [J. W. Bell, New York, 1837], pp 176-178. Per RH ref 58. Reprinted in Dean A. Sullivan, Compiler and Editor, Early Innings: A Documentary History of Baseball, 1825 - 1908, University of Nebraska Press, 1995, pp. 4-5. +

1838.5 +

LeConte, Joseph. The Autobiography of Joseph Le Conte (D. Appleton & Company, New York, 1903), page 46. Provided by John Thorn, email of 7/9/04 +

1838.2 +

For more on this club see https://ourgame.mlblogs.com/among-the-cricketers-7cff9af66dc0 +

1838.9 +

"Lady Manners", "Moral Management of the Insane," The Friend: a Religious and Literary Journal, Volume 11, Number 38 (June 23, 1838), page 303. Submitted by John Thorn. +

1838.10 +

"Sporting Reminiscences," Brooklyn Daily Eagle, July 16, 1873. William Ryczek, Baseball's First Inning (McFarland, 2009), page 101. +

1839.3 +

Williams, C. R., ed., Diary and Letters of Rutherford Birchard Hayes: Nineteenth President of the United States volume 1 [Ohio State Archeological and Historical Society, Columbus OH, 1922], page 33. +

1839.1 +

[A] Three Letters from Abner Graves -- two letters to the Mills Commission, April 3, 1905 and November 17, 1905 and one of unknown details. To read them, go <a href="http://mlb.mlb.com/memorylab/chronology/index.jsp?start=1826&end=1870#1839.1a">here</a>. [B] Mark Pestana, "The Legendary Doubleday Game", Inventing Baseball: The 100 Greatest Games of the 19th Century (SABR, 2013), pp. 3-5 [C] Hugh MacDougall, <a title="Abner Graves: The Man who Brought Baseball to Cooperstown">Abner Graves: The Man who Brought Baseball to Cooperstown</a>, 2011. +

1840c.26 +

"Sports in Old Brooklyn: Colonel John Oakey Tells of the Games of His Boyhood: How Some Well Known Men Amused Themselves in Bygone Days - Duck-on-the-Rock, Three Base Ball and Two Old Cat Good Enough for Them," Brooklyn Daily Eagle, vol. 54, number 292 (October 21, 1894), page 21, columns 4 and 5. Submitted 5/1/2007 by Craig Waff. +

1840s.31 +

Noah Brookes, Lem: A New England Village Boy: His Adventures and his Mishaps (Scribner's Sons, New York, 1901). Accessed 11/15/2008 via Google Books search "Lem boy." See Supplemental Text, below, for Bill Lyons' description of the author and the work. +

1840.6 +

[A] Eagle Base Ball Club Constitution of 1852. [B] John Thorn, Baseball in the Garden of Eden, (Simon and Shuster, 2011), page 31 +

1840c.39 +

Member of the Class of 1841, "Harvard Athletic Exercises Thirty Years Ago," Harvard Advocate [Cambridge MA], Volume 17, number 9 (June 12, 1879), page 131. Accessed 2/9/10 via Google Books search <"wickets were all larger" "harvard advocate">. +

1840.16 +

"Cape Island," North American and Daily Advertiser, Philadelphia PA, Sunday, July 25, 1840, Issue 416, column D. +

1840.38 +

Polynesian, December 26, 1840. Posted to the 19CBB listserve by George Thompson January 3, 2010. Accessed via subscription search May 4, 2009. George sees the column as likely written by the newspaper's editor, James Jarves, who was born in Boston in 1818. +

1840s.32 +

Per Thomas L. Altherr, "Chucking the Old Apple: Recent Discoveries of Pre-1840 North American Ball Games," Base Ball, Volume 2, number 1 (Spring 2008), page 30. +

1840.35 +

"An Ordinance Relating to Nuisances and Other Offences Passed the 30th November, 1840," in Chatter and Ordinances of the Borough of Carlisle (Carlisle Herald Office, Carlisle, 1841), page 43. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "Chucking the Old Apple: Recent Discoveries of Pre-1840 North American Ball Games," Base Ball, Volume 2, number 1 (Spring 2008), page 37 and ref #48. Accessed 11/16/2008 via Google Books search for "carlisle ordinances." Carlisle PA is about 20 miles WSW of Harrisburg in southern PA. +

1840.24 +

James S. Lamar, "Pioneer Days in Georgia," +

1840c.34 +

Theodore Appel, Recollections of College Life, at Marshall College, Mercersburg, Pa., from 1839 to 1845 (Daniel Miller, Reading PA, 1886), pp. 167-168. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "Chucking the Old Apple: Recent Discoveries of Pre-1840 North American Ball Games," Base Ball, Volume 2, number 1 (Spring 2008), page 33 and ref #27. Mercersburg is about 60 miles SW of Harrisburg and about 10 miles from the border with Maryland. The text was accessed 11/16/2008 via a Google Books search <appel mercersburg>." +

1841.15 +

New Orleans Picayune, 1841. This cite is found in Tom Melville, The Tented Field: A History of Cricket in America (Bowling Green State U Press, Bowling Green, 1998), page 6. He attributes it, apparently, to Dale Somers, The Rise of Sports in New Orleans (LSU Press, Baton Rouge, 1972), page 48. +

1841.13 +

Yale Literary Magazine, vol. 7 (November 1841), pages 36-37. as cited in Betts, John R., "Mind and Body in Early American Thought," The Journal of American History, vol. 54, number 4 (March 1968), page 803. +

1841.10 +

Hartford Daily Courant, June 23, 1841, page 3. +

1841.11 +

Jamieson, Scotch Dictionary (Edinburgh, 1841). As cited in A.G. Steel and R. H. Lyttelton, Cricket, (Longmans Green, London, 1890) 4th edition, page 4.Detail provided by John Thorn, email of 2/10/2008. +

1841.12 +

Cleveland Daily Herald, April 15, 1841, provided by John Thorn, 2007. +

1842.3 +

Hoar, George F. Autobiography of Seventy Years [Pubr?, 1903], page 120. Per Seymour, Harold - Notes in the Seymour Collection at Cornell University, Kroch Library Department of Rare and Manuscript Collections, collection 4809. +

1842c.9 +

Lester, John A., A Century of Philadelphia Cricket (U of Penn Press, Philadelphia, 1951), pages 9-11; as cited in Gelber, Steven M., "'Their Hands Are All Out Playing:' Business and Amateur Baseball, 1845-1917," Journal of Sport History, Vol. 11, number 1 (Spring 1984), page 15. Lester cites "a manuscript diary kept by an unknown student . . . under the date 1834." +

1843.6 +

New York Herald[classified ads section], November 2, 1843. Posted to 19CBB by John Thorn, 11/11/2007. For much more from John on the find, and its implications, go to <a href="http://thornpricks.blogspot.com/2007/11/really-good-find-more-magnolia-blossoms.html">http://thornpricks.blogspot.com/2007/11/really-good-find-more-magnolia-blossoms.html</a>. See also John Thorn, "Magnolia Ball Club Predates Knickerbocker," Base Ball Journal, Volume 5, number 1 (Special Issue on Origins), pages 89-92. +

1844.13 +

Times Picayune, November 7, 1844. Accessed via subscription search, March 27, 2009. Contributed by Richard Hershberger, March 8, 2009. +

1821.8 +

A Game at Skittles," (author identified as "Editor K."), published within a larger work entitled The Plain Englishman, Vol. II, London, 1821, Hatchard and Son, p. 267 +

1845.1 +

A detailed recent annotation of the 20 rules appears in John Thorn,Baseball in the Garden of Eden, pages 69-77. See Also "Larry McCray, "The Knickerbocker Rules -- and The Long History of the One-Bounce Fielding Rule, Base Ball Journal, Volume 5, number 1 (Special Issue on Origins), pages 93-97. +

1845c.15 +

[A]Gilbert, "The Birth of Baseball", Elysian Fields, 1995, pp. 16- 17. [B]Dr. D.L. Adams, "Memoirs of the Father of Baseball," Sporting News, February 29, 1896. Sullivan reprints this article in Early Innings, A Documentary History of Baseball, 1825-1908, pages 13-18. Rob Loeffler, "The Evolution of the Baseball Up to 1872," March 2007. +

1845.17 +

New York Herald, October 7, 1845. +

1845.5 +

New York Sun, November 10, 1845, page 2, column. 6. Submitted by George Thompson, June 2005. See also David Dyte, "Baseball in Brooklyn, 1845-1870: The Best There Was," Base Ball Journal Volume 5, number 1 (Special Issue on Origins). pages 98-102. +

1845c.7 +

Letter from Albert H. Pratt to the Mills Commission, August 1905. +

1845.10 +

Jugendspiele zur Ehhjolung und Erheiterung (boys' games for recreation and amusement) [Tilsit, Germany, W. Simmerfeld, 1845], per David Block, Baseball Before We Knew It, page 207. +

1845.18 +

New York Herald, November 11, 1845. Posted to 19cBB by John Thorn, 3/31/2008. +

1845c.6 +

Letter from Andrew Peck, Canada Lake, NY, to the Mills Commission, September 1, 1907. +

1845.4 +

[A] New York Morning News, October 22 and 25, 1845. Reprinted in Dean A. Sullivan, Compiler and Editor, Early Innings: A Documentary History of Baseball, 1825-1908 [University of Nebraska Press, 1995], pp. 11-13. [B] Sullivan, p. 11; Brooklyn Daily Eagle, vol. 4, number 253 (October 21, 1845), page 2, column 3 For a detailed discussion of the significance of this game, see Melvin Adelman, "The First Baseball Game, the First Newspaper References to Baseball," Journal of Sport History Volume 7, number 3 (Winter 1980), pp 132 ff. The games are summarized in John Thorn, "The First Recorded Games-- Brooklyn vs. New York", in Inventing Baseball: The 100 Greatest Games of the 19th Century (SABR, 2013), pp. 6-7 +

1845.16 +

[A] New York Morning News, Oct. 13, 1845, p.2. [B]The True Sun (New York City), Monday, October 13, 1845, page 2, column 5. This text also appears in John Thorn's, Chapter 3, "The Cradle of Baseball," in Baseball in the Garden of Eden, page 78. On 11/16/2022, John submitted an image of the True Sun posted here. [C] Earlier cited in Tom Melville, The Tented Field: A History of Cricket in America (Bowling Green State University Press, 1998), page 168, note 38. +

1846.2 +

"Brooklyn City Base Ball Club," Brooklyn Daily Eagle and Kings County Democrat, vol. 5, number 162 (July 6, 1846), page 2, column 2. +

1846.16 +

Annual Report of the Trustees of the State Lunatic Hospital at Worcester, December 1846. Posted to 19CBB on 11/1/2007 by Richard Hershberger. +

1846.5 +

Knickerbocker Base Ball Club, Club Books 1854-1868, from the Albert G. Spalding Collection of Knickerbocker Base Ball Club's Club Books, Rare Books and Manuscripts Division, The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations. Per Gushov, p. 167. +

1846.13 +

From "Sibley's Private Journal," entry for August 31, 1846, as supplied to David Block by letter of 4/18/2005 from Prof. Harry R. Lewis at Harvard, Cambridge MA. Lewis notes that the Journal is "a running account of Harvard daily life in the mid nineteenth century." +

1846.14 +

Erwin Mehl, "A Batting Game on the Island of Runö," Western Folklore vol 8, number 3, (1949?), page 268. +

1846.6 +

"City Intelligence," Brooklyn Daily Eagle and Kings County Democrat, vol. 5 number 177 (July 23, 1846), page 2, column 3. Reprinted in Herbert Bergman, ed., Walt Whitman. The Journalism. Vol. 1: 1834 - 1846. (Collected Works of Walt Whitman) [Peter Lang, New York, 1998], volume 1, page 477. Full Eagle citation submitted by George Thompson, 8/2/2004. . +

1847.11 +

The Alabama Reporter, as reprinted in Spirit of the Times, January 16, 1847, page 559. +

1847c.1 +

Per Frederick Ivor-Campbell, "Henry Chadwick," in Frederick Ivor-Campbell, et. al, eds., Baseball's First Stars [SABR, Cleveland, 1996], page 26. No reference given. Fred provided a fuller reference on 10/2/2006: the quote is from an unidentified newspaper column, copyright 1887 by O.P. Caylor, mounted in Henry Chadwick Scrapbooks, Volume 2. On 1/13/10, Gregory Christiano contributed a facsimile of the Caylor article, "Base Ball Reminiscences." +

1848.10 +

North American and United States Gazette, June 7, 1848. Trenton State Gazette (NJ), pg. 1, June 8, 1848. +

1847.15 +

Smith, Azariah, The Gold Discovery Journal of Azariah Smith [Utah State University, Logan UT, 1996], page 78. Submitted by John Thorn, 10/12/2004. Email from Bill Swank, March 6, 2013 +

1848.4 +

19CBB posting by John Thorn, 7/23/2005. The source is presumably the Knick game books, held in the Spalding Collection, New York Public Library +

1848.5 +

Boy's Own Book of Sports, Birds, and Animals (New York, Leavitt and Allen, 1848), per David Block, Baseball before We Knew It, pages 209-210. +

1848.1 +

David Block, Baseball Before We Knew It, page 223. David Block posting to 19CBB, 6/16/2005. +

1849.1 +

Baseballlibrary.com, at <a href="http://www.baseballlibrary.com/baseballlibrary/chronology/1849Year.stm">http://www.baseballlibrary.com/baseballlibrary/chronology/1849Year.stm</a>, accessed 6/20/2005. No source is given. +

1849.6 +

Sixteenth Annual Report of the Trustees of the State Lunatic Hospital at Worcester, reported in "State Lunatic Hospital at Worcester," The Christian Register, Volume 28, Issue 6 [February 10, 1849], page 6. Submitted by Bill Wagner 6/4/2006 and David Ball, 6/4/2006. Bill notes that the same article appears in Massachusetts Ploughman and New England Journal of Agriculture, Volume 8 Issue 20 (February 17, 1849), page 4. See also item #[[146.16]] above. A fuller transcript, submitted 4/2/2020 by Joanne Hulbert, is seen in Supplemental Text below. She found it in the Boston Evening Transcript for January 25, 1849. +

1849.3 +

Altherr, Thomas L., "North American Indigenous People and Baseball: 'The One Single Thing the White Man Has Done Right,'" in Altherr, ed., Above the Fruited Plain: Baseball in the Rocky Mountain West, SABR National Convention Publication, 2003, page 20. +

1849.11 +

W.S. Mayo, Kaloolah, or Journeying to the Djebel Kumri. An Autobiography (George P. Putnam, New York, 1849), page 20. +

1849.13 +

Cartwright family typed copy of lost handwritten diary by Alexander Cartwright, as cited in Monica Nucciarone, Alexander Cartwright: The Life Behind the Baseball Legend (UNebraska Press, 2009), page 31. Nucciarone adds that this version differs from the transcription in a Hawaii museum, in that the baseball references only appear in the family's version. +

1849.10 +

Milwaukee[WI] Sentinel and Gazette, vol. 5, number 116 (September 4, 1849), page 2, column 2. Provided by Craig Waff, email of 8/14/2007. +

1849c.4 +

A. G. Mills letter to Colonel Wm S. Cogswell, January 10, 1905, and Wm. S. Cogswell letter to A. G. Mills, January 19, 1905. From the Mills Collection, Giamatti Center, HOF. Thanks to Jeremy LeBlanc for information on Union Hall Academy (email, 9/23/2007). Note: This exchange and its significance are treated in John Thorn's Baseball in the Garden of Eden (Simon and Shuster, 2011), page 27. +

1850.22 +

"Grand Whitsuntide Chartist Holiday," Northern Star and National Trades' Journal, Volume 13, Number 657 (May 25, 1850), page 1. Posted to 19CBB by Richard Hershberger on 2/5/2008. +

1850.7 +

Mallary, Chas D., The Little Boy's Own Book; Consisting of Games and Pastimes . . . . (Henry Allman, London, 1850), per David Block, Baseball Before We Knew It, page 213-214. +

1850c.12 +

Louis Bond, the Merchant's Son (Troy NY, Merriam and Moore, c. 1850), per David Block, Baseball Before We Knew It, page 214. +

1850s.16 +

Baseball Half a Century Ago, Rochester Union and Advertiser, March 21, 1903. +

1850s.37 +

Armistead C. Gordon, "His Father's Flag," Scribner's Magazine Volume 62 (1917), page 443. This fictional story of the son of a Confederate soldier killed during the Civil War is set near Dragon Swamp. (There are two VA places called Dismal Swamp; one is about 85 miles SE of Richmond. The other is about 50 miles E of Richmond.) The two games named are known as ballgames played in the south. Accessed 2/10/10 via Google Books search (scribners "volume lxii"). +

1850c.36 +

Alice M. Walker, Historic Homes of Amherst (Amherst Historical Society, Amherst MA, 1905), page 99. Accessed 2/10/10 via Google Books search (walker "historic homes"). Amherst MA is about 25 miles north of Springfield MA. +

1850s.30 +

Charles B. Johnson, Illinois in the Fifties (Flanigan-Pearson Co., Champaign IL, 1918), page 79. Contributed by Jeff Kittel, January 31, 2010. Accessed 2/10/10 via Google Books search <"illinois in the fifties">. Jeff notes that, while describing Illinois pastimes generally, the author was from Pocahontas, IL, in southeast IL, about 50 miles east of St. Louis. +

1850s.27 +

William Ryczek, Baseball's First Inning (McFarland, 2009), page 108, page 163. +

1850s.20 +

Source: Henry C. McCook, The Senator: A Threnody (George W. Jacobs, Philadelphia, 1905), page 208. This passage is excerpted from the annotations to a long poem written in honor the memory of Senator Marcus Hanna of OH. The likely location of the games was in Lisbon, in easternmost OH - about 45 miles northwest of Pittsburgh PA.. The verse itself: "Shinny and marbles, flying kite and ball, / Hat-ball and hand-ball and, best loved of all!-/ Town-ball, that fine field sport, that soon/ By natural growth and skilful change, became/ Baseball, by use and popular acclaim/ Our nation's favorite game" [Ibid. page 54]. McCook's note describes hat-ball as a plugging game, and hand-ball as a game for one sides of one, two, or three boys that was played "against a windowless brick gable wall." Posted to 19CBB on 8/13/2007, by Richard Hershberger, supplemented by 8/14/2007 and 12/19/2008 emails. +

1850s.18 +

<a href="http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/sports/baseball/1800s/hist1.html">http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/sports/baseball/1800s/hist1.html</a>, as accessed 1/3/2008. No reference is supplied. https://archives.upenn.edu/exhibits/penn-history/baseball/ +

1850s.15 +

Mark Rhodes, Metropolitan Baseball n a Small Town Setting (Gunn Scholar Series, volume II (2004). Available via archives of the Gunnery School. Box scores from the Litchfield Enquirer are available on microfiche from the Litchfield Historical Society. +

1850c.35 +

Wilfred Shaw, The University of Michigan (Harcourt Brace, New York, 1920), pp 234-235. Accessed 2/10/10 via Google Books search ("wilfred shaw" michigan). +

1850s.25 +

John Corrigan, "The Anxiety of Boston at Mid-Century," in Business of the Heart: Religion and Emotion in the Nineteenth Century (University of California Press, 2002), page 44. Accessed 11/15/2008 via Google Books search ("business of the heart"). Corrigan's source, supplied 10/31/09 by Joshua Fleer, is William Gray Brooks, "Diary, May 1, 1858." +

1850s.21 +

Simon Rae, It's Not Cricket: A History of Skulduggery, Sharp Practice and Downright Cheating in the Noble Game (Faber and Faber, 2001), page 215. +

1850s.19 +

Gelber, Steven M., "'Their Hands Are All Out Playing:' Business and Amateur Baseball, 1845-1917," Journal of Sport History, Vol. 11, number 1 (Spring 1984), page 22. Gelber cites The Clipper, June 6, 1857, page 54, presumably for the Albany story. On page 14 Gelber notes the rise of blue collar teams, the most famous being the Eckfords in Brooklyn, which comprised shipwrights and mechanics. +

1850c.17 +

Platt, Thomas C., The Autobiography of Thomas Collier Platt (B. W. Dodge, New York, 1910), page 3. Platt's home was Owego NY, about 70 miles south of Syracuse and near the Pennsylvania border. Accessed 2/10/10 via Google Books search ("patch baseball" platt). +

1850s.13 +

Bob Bailey, "Chapter 1 - Beginnings: From Amateur Teams to Disgrace in the National League (mimeo, 1990)', page 1. Bob (email, 1/27/2013) notes that his source for this observation is The Boy's Own Book: A Complete Encyclopedia of all the Diversions, Athletic, and Recreative, of Boyhood and Youth (Louisville, Morton and Griswold, 1854), page 67. +

1850c.10 +

Grandpapa Pease's Pretty Poetical Spelling Book [Albany, H. Pease], per David Block, Baseball Before We Knew It, page 213. +

1850.6 +

The Knickerbocker, volume 35, January 1850 [New York, Peabody], page 84, as cited by David Block, Baseball Before We Knew It, page 213. +

1847.13 +

The Boy's Treasury of Sports, Pastimes, and Recreations (Clark, Austin and Company, New York, 1850), fourth edition. The first edition appeared in 1847, and appears to have identical test for rounders and feeder. +

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