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1861.45 + (Three clubs were admitted to the Association; of 80 existing members, nine were expelled due to non-payment of dues for two years, and 27 more listed who had not paid for 1861.)
1000c.1 + (Three older siblings of Leif Eric … Three older siblings of Leif Ericksson travel to Vinland and occupy two houses built in an earlier Vinland journey by Leif's father, Eirik the Red.Note: Accounts of Viking games state the among the games was a "stick and ball" variety. As of April 2, 2022, Protoball has not located a source for such a conclusion, or any details of how such a game was played (let alone whether it involved baserunning). --From Bruce Allardice, April 3, 2022:"Outdoor games [among the Vikings] were greatly popular. Based on Viking warrior skills, there were competitions in archery, wrestling, stone throwing and sword play. Horse fighting was also popular; two stallions would be goaded into fighting. Occasionally mares would be tied up around the field, within the sight and smell of the stallions. The horses would battle until one was killed or ran away.Vikings engaged in running, swimming, tug-of-war called toga-honk and wrestling. Vikings also played a ball game with stick and ball. It wasn’t uncommon for someone to get hurt or even killed, as Vikings played rough. Women did not participate in these games, but they would gather to watch the men.Children played with wooden toys their parents carved, or they played ball and also engaged in child versions of adult games. Child-sized replicas of weapons such as swords, shield and spears were found buried with other grave goods."The stick-ball game was Knattleikr (English: 'ball-game'), an ancient ball game similar to hurling played by Icelandic Vikings. glish: 'ball-game'), an ancient ball game similar to hurling played by Icelandic Vikings. )
1860.37 + (Tied after eight innings, the outcome was prophetic for the ensuing election (in the state legislature) for the U. S. Senate: Douglas 16, Lincoln 14. )
1870.3 + (Tiemann suggests that the incident was an incentive for the formation over the winter of 1870-71 of the National Association, with the first championship based on total wins over the course of the season.)
Tip-Cat + (Tip Cat is mentioned in the Cairo … Tip Cat is mentioned in the Cairo (IL) Bulletin, May 22, 1910.There's a long article on Tip Cat in the Lewiston (ME) Evening Journal, May 30, 1868, which notes this is not strictly a ball game, and is rarely played in the US, though popular in England.strictly a ball game, and is rarely played in the US, though popular in England.)
1822.4 + (To be exact, from May 25 to July 27, 1822, in this weekly. [ba])
1855.26 + (Tolland CT is about 20 miles NE of Hartford CT and 20 miles SE of Springfield MA. The two MA villages are about 30 miles W of Springfield.)
1810.2 + (Tom Altherr indicates that <sp … Tom Altherr indicates that Remarks on Children's Play (Samuel Wood and Son, New York, 1819), "repeated the same comments of the 1810 Youthful Amusements book." See [[1810.2]].810.2]].)
1820s.20 + (Tom Altherr places the time as th … Tom Altherr places the time as the early 1820s. Greeley, born in New Hampshire in 1811, was apprenticed a Poultney VT printer in about 1825.Poultney VT is on the New York border, about 70 miles NNW of Albany NY. Greeley does not mention the games of wicket or round ball or base ball. on the games of wicket or round ball or base ball. )
1805.6 + (Tom Altherr says "this may be the first recorded evidence of slaves [see p29/30] playing ball.)
1852.12 + (Tom Altherr suggests that "The ordinance certainly prohibited handball games, such as fives, but it could have as easily targeted base ball-type games." This same rule appears in the printed 1829 rules for UNC. [ba])
1806.4 + (Tom Altherr writes : "This may be … Tom Altherr writes : "This may be the earliest recorded evidence of ball play in Ohio." Note: Protoball knows of no earlier reference as of 2008.(See #[[1796.2]]) regarding his earlier diary-keeping, and #[[1833.11]] for later diary entries about.Robbins was 33 years old in 1806.In 1806, after leaving the Western Reserve, Robbins played again in Norwalk CT, and played there again in 1808. ns played again in Norwalk CT, and played there again in 1808. )
1861.1 + (Tom Gilbert, 10/5/2020, notes "&l … Tom Gilbert, 10/5/2020, notes "Henry Chadwick had close Richmond connections. His wife was from a wealthy and prominent Virginia family and he himself traveled to Richmond and was involved in early attempts to found a NYC- style baseball club there. Antebellum New Yorkers vacationed in Virginia in the 1850s and baseball clubs played there even before the famous Excelsiors tours."To be more exact, Chadwick's wife was the daughter of Alexander Botts, or a prominent VA family, though Alexander and his family had moved to NYC. Her uncle was Congressman John Minor Botts, her first cousin was Confederate Colonel Lawson Botts, and her mother was a Randolph, one of Virginia's First Families (FFVs). [ba]For more on Richmond base ball, see [[1859.73]][[1859.73]])
1863.56 + (Tom Pratt was age 19.)
1862.2 + (Tom Shieber, Hall of Fame curator … Tom Shieber, Hall of Fame curator who has studied Creighton extensively, believes the injury was an inguinal hernia which ruptured. In an article published on December 7, 1862, the New York Sunday Mercury recounts a conversation with Creighton before the Union game in which he states that he had injured himself in a recent cricket match. It is assumed that he received the hernia in the cricket match and that it ruptured during the Union game. ruptured during the Union game. )
1795.5 + (Tom notes [ibid] that Winterbotham was writing about Federal territory south of the Ohio River. Note: KY, maybe?)
1820s.31 + (Tom’s Comments: <p&g … Tom’s Comments:Allowing for the somewhat “in-my-day” tone, there are a few interesting items in this passage. Note the unusual spelling of two old cat or two o’cat. Was there some action of holding the ball, holding the bat, holding the runner that inspired the use of the word “hold?” The initial claim that ball play was more popular in his youth is at first a head-scratcher given the surge of popularity of baseball in the1850s and 1860s.But what if he reckoning was accurate, if only for his part of New England? That would be interesting evidence for baseball historians trying to measure the trajectory of the game’s development. Did what he called “base-ball” more resemble town-ball, or did the word “base-ball” have a wider currency that we have suspected? The description of wicket-ball seems slightly askew from other accounts--regional variation or memory lapse? Last, the civic holidays that ball play accompanied were not always in clement seasons. Training days tended to be during milder or hot weather, but town meeting and election days often occurred in March and November. The author’s points about the importance of ball play may be stronger than at first glance, if the players did not let the prospect of foul weather discourage their zeal.Bruce's comment: The author, Increase Niles Tarbox (yes, that was his name!) was born in East Windsor, CT in 1815, and was raised there and in Vernon, CT. After graduating from Yale, he became a pastor in Framingham, MA.ham, MA.)
1867.21 + (Top first class prize -- $100 cas … Top first class prize -- $100 cash and $100 Gold Mounted BatJunior prizes (under age 18), "Pony Clubs" (under age 15)Prizes for top out-of-state club, plus several "special" prizes: best pitcher, best catcher, most homers, best runner, best thrower.From John Pregler: "The Beloit Free Press published the following complete list of the prizes awarded at the Beloit Base Ball Tournament:Senior Clubs - First Class: 1st prize, Cream City of Milwaukee; 2nd prize: Whitewater of Whitewater; 3rd prize: Badgers of Beloit.Second Class: 1st, Capital City Jr. of Madison; 2nd: Delavan of Delavan; 3rd, Eagle of Beloit.Juniors: 1st, Badger Jr of Beloit; 2nd, Excelsior Jr of Janesville.Pony: Rock River Jr of BeloitOutside the State - Seniors: 1st, Phoenix of Belvidere, IL; 2nd, Mutual of Chicago" - Janesville Gazette, Sept. 19, 1867t;/p> Outside the State - Seniors: 1st, Phoenix of Belvidere, IL; 2nd, Mutual of Chicago" - Janesville Gazette, Sept. 19, 1867)
1860.23 + (Topsham Fair Grounds are 1 1/2 miles from Brunswick, across the Androscoggin River)
Young Canadian Club of Toronto + (Toronto had 56,000 residents in 1871.)
In Cincinnati on 24 May 1858 + (Town Ball was regularly played in the city through 1866.)
Pioneer Club of Arcola + (Town once known as Okaw.)
1845.29 + (Translations of the English game, … Translations of the English game, kat, and Wall Ball are provided in the Supplemental Text, below.David Block (email of October 20, 2016) explains:" . . . the Dutch account of Engelsch balspel was clearly taken almost verbatim from the 1828 description of rounders that appeared in The Boy's Own Book. The Dutch version leaves out the first sentence that begins with "In the west of England..." but from there on follows the English original with only minor changes (such as converting the base path dimensions from yards to feet). It replicates the exact diagram and lettering of the base and pitcher positions from The Boy's Own Book. Mareike's translation abridges some of the detail in the text, but conveys the general idea."The 1845 Introduction to the Dutch book indicates that it was a translation of the the German book "Womit soll ich mich belustigen?" (1842?) which was a translation of an 1828 English work The Boys Own Book. As of October 2016, we are unsure whether the successive translations are direct and literal or allowed for modification to reflect German and Dutch preferences and practices. odification to reflect German and Dutch preferences and practices. )
1820s.34 + (Transylvania University was the f … Transylvania University was the first college located west of the Allegheny Mountains, and the first in Kentucky. One prominent graduate was Jefferson Davis [insert your joke here.]This section of the book is evidently an account of life at the university in the 1820s. an account of life at the university in the 1820s.)
1806.1 + (Trap and ball is not known to be a base-running game.)

1713.1 + (Trap ball is not believed to be a baserunning game.)

1858.67 + (Trapelo is a neighborhood of Waltham, located near its border with Lexington. )
Club of Trenton + (Trenton had 17,228 residents in 1860 and 22,874 in 1870.)
Whittemore side v Randall side in May 1869 + (Two Newark papers covered this ga … Two Newark papers covered this game as an amusing interlude. A crowd of 300 to 400 was reported, a "large proportion" of which were female.It was described as the "old-time stinging" game, one that showed how much 'Base Ball' had changed in the past two decades. Some contrasts:Bats: instead of "nicely rounded ash," bats included "miniature bread shovels" and "exaggerated exercise clubs"Bases: "wooden stakes, some fifteen inches high."Pitches: intentionally hittable.Foul Outs: "tick and catch," with fouls "ignored."Innings: all-out-side-out.Foul territory: None.Baserunning outs: By "burning."Bound rule: Out if caught on fly or one or three bounces.John Zinn reports (email of 11/20/2020) that the Antiquarian Knickerbocker Club played such games annually after the Civil War. inn reports (email of 11/20/2020) that the Antiquarian Knickerbocker Club played such games annually after the Civil War. )
In HI in 1866 + (Two and Three o'cat are presumably variations on One o'cat.)
Club of Unadilla Forks + (Unadilla had a club in 1867. "Historickal Crotchets," New York History, July 1870, citing the Oxford Times, Oct. 2, 1867)
Pastimes Club of Richmond v Cockade Club of Petersburg on 8 December 1866 + (Uncertain whether game was played in Richmond or Petersburg)
1862.57 + (Undoubtedly, Game played near Yorktown, VA)
In Washington in 1862 + (Unsure what this game of "goal" entailed, but likely "goal ball.")
1815.4 + (Upper Canada is modern Ontario, and Chippewa is just across the Niagara River from New York and Buffalo. [ba])
1854.22 + (Variant uses of "base ball" and "baseball" are as printed.)
Fashion Club of Victoria + (Victoria had 3,270 residents in 1871.)
1857.39 + (Waff counted 39 attendance estimates of one thousand or more in the NYC area prior to the Civil War.)
New Britain v Winsted on 12 August 1858 + (Ward's "Waterbury" p. 1102 mentions the Mattatuck Club, says the Excelsior Wicket club formed in 1859 and the American Wicket Club in 1860.)
1867.1 + (Was the October 4th game played between these African American clubs?)
Maple Leaf Club of Hamilton v Burlington Club of Hamilton Ontario on 20 August 1861 + (Was the return match, likely from that of July 30. "The games between these two Clubs are now even.")
Flys-Are-Up, Flies-Up + (Was there a pitcher involved, or did a batter fungo the ball to the fielders?)
Off the Stoop + (Was this always a two-player game?)
In MA in 1815 + (Was this ball playing at Dartmoor Prison in England, rather than Massachusetts?)
1850s.15 + (Washington, Connecticut (2000 census about 3,600) is about 40 miles W of Hartford, and about 15 miles NW of Waterbury.)
Round Ball + (We also have a reference to Round … We also have a reference to Round Ball in Hope, ME circa 1825 and in NH in 1847. Mosher's biography of General Joshua L. Chamberlain (b. 1828) says he played round ball in Brewer, near Bangor, ME. Morris, Baseball Fever p. 23 relates a story that they played round ball in Detroit prior to 1857. Ditto Stratford, NH (see Protopix). It appears the game named round ball was common in New England.See also the New England Base Ballist, Oct. 8, 1868, which says that ballplayer N. A. Putnam played Round Ball as a youth, "a game without method" usually played to 31 points, with the two sides numbering whoever showed up.Other fictional mentions of Round Ball can be found in The Atlantic Monthly, July 1858; Good Housekeeping, May 30, 1885; The Adventures of Bobby Bright; Youth's Companion, Dec. 6, 1860.The term "Round Ball" may be just a variant name for what is also termed "Town Ball." [ba]Dec. 6, 1860. The term "Round Ball" may be just a variant name for what is also termed "Town Ball." [ba])
Bat-and-Ball + (We are in 2020 conferring with Brian to try to characterize the rules of play in these references, to the extent that they are mentioned in these items.)
1540c.2 + (We are not certain that "palm pla … We are not certain that "palm play" could have been a baserunning game. It may be an Anglicized form of jeu de paume, a likely French antecedent to tennis.The reference to "large grene courtes" in the full ball-play stanza suggests a tennis or handball-type pastime. a tennis or handball-type pastime. )
1870.5 + (We are uncertain that the fifty-sent admission was uniformly required in the National Association.)
Halfball + (We asked Protoball friend Mark Sc … We asked Protoball friend Mark Schoenberg about any experience with Stick Ball in 1950s Brooklyn. He recalls that Spaldeens rarely split open, 'though balls known as "Pinkies" sometimes did. A floppy half-Pinkie could be employed in fungo games, but not in a continuation of a stickball game. (Email of 1/1/2020).Protoball friend Neil Seldman adds: I never played with, or heard of, games with halfballs. This is against the law in Brooklyn. We did use them however. For throwing up in the air to see the arc. We would also attach the halfball to a good ball. This was fun for a few pitches with extra movement on the ball. We would never think of playing a game with it. In addition to being illegal, it was unkosher. Email of 1/7/2020), it was unkosher. Email of 1/7/2020))
1849.16 + (We assume that the phrase"21 ins the game" means that the first side to score 21 runs was the game's winner.)

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